Explore key spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-Vis, IR, Raman, and NMR, while focusing on their critical roles in identifying compounds, verifying purity, and characterizing formulations. The discussion underscores how molecules interact with electromagnetic radiation to enable the techniques for structural and compositional insight. These techniques help determine what a product's ingredients actually are, and provide the necessary quality control. Dive into common uses for the tools and their importance for compliance in the pharmaceutical industry.

Highlight how each technique contributes different information; UV Vis gets a good "headcount," IR identifies functional groups, Raman is non-destructive, NMR gives incredible detail. Uncover the real-world applications, such as how they verify the ingredients, examine purity, and also characterize the final formulation. Examine the limitations of each technique, including potential overlap in UV-Vis absorption spectra and signal weaknesses in Raman. Learn how regulations such as 21 CFR 211 require meticulous quality control throughout drug production, which provides assurance that medications are safe and effective.