This paper details a study on tissue immunology, specifically focusing on the role of macrophages in adipose tissue. The research identifies three distinct populations of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) based on their location within the white adipose tissue (WAT)—septal, capsular, and parenchymal—highlighting that septal ATMs (sATMs) are primarily embryonic-derived and long-lived. Crucially, the study establishes that sATMs reside near adipocyte stem cells (ASCs) in the septum and regulate their fate by releasing TGFβ1 signaling molecules. The main finding is that sATMs promote the formation of energy-storing white fat while limiting thermogenic "beiging," and their depletion leads to metabolic benefits, such as protection from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improved glucose tolerance.

References：

• Yu X, Hu Y, Lim H Y, et al. Septal LYVE1+ macrophages control adipocyte stem cell adipogenic potential[J]. Science, 2025, 389(6763): eadg1128.