This episode explains the experimental methods, both genetic and chemical, used to confirm a target's role in a disease. We'll explore techniques like knockout studies and the use of tool compounds, providing real-world examples from OPR&D. We'll also delve into the world of AI-driven target validation and the role of computational biology in this process. This episode provides a foundational understanding of how scientists validate targets before embarking on the long and costly journey of drug development.

Furthermore, we will discuss the limitations of traditional methods, such as off-target effects in CRISPR and false positives in tool compounds. The role of AI in analyzing massive datasets and identifying potential targets will also be explored, highlighting the transformative potential of AI in accelerating drug discovery. We'll also touch on the concept of undruggable proteins and the exciting new strategies scientists are developing to tackle these challenging targets. The episode concludes with a discussion of the importance of target validation for the average person and how it impacts the development of safer and more effective therapies.