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《醉舟》-兰波:被流放的上帝之子
The Drunken Boat 醉舟
As I was floating down unconcerned Rivers 当我顺着无情河水只有流淌,
I no longer felt myself steered by thehaulers: 我感到纤夫已不再控制我的航向。
Gaudy Redskins had taken them fortargets 吵吵嚷嚷的红种人把他们捉去,
Nailing them naked to coloured stakes. 剥光了当靶子,钉在五彩桩上。
I cared nothing for all my crews, 所有这些水手的命运,我不管它,
Carrying Flemish wheat or Englishcottons. 我只装运佛兰芒小麦、英国棉花。
When, along with my haulers those uproarswere done with 当纤夫们的哭叫和喧闹消散,
The Rivers let me sail downstream where Ipleased. 河水让我随意漂流,无牵无挂。
Into the ferocious tide-rips 我跑了一冬,不理会潮水汹涌
Last winter, more absorbed than the mindsof children, 比不经心的孩子们还要冒失
I ran! And the unmoored Peninsulas 我狂奔啊!连那些流动的岛屿
Never endured more triumphantclamourings 都没有遇过这般激越的震荡。
The storm made bliss of my sea-borneawakenings. 风暴祝福我在大海上苏醒,
Lighter than a cork, I danced on thewaves 我舞蹈着,比瓶塞子还轻,
Which men call eternal rollers ofvictims, 在海浪--死者永恒的摇床上
For ten nights, without once missing thefoolish eye of the harbor lights!
一连十夜,绝不留恋信号灯的傻眼睛。
Sweeter than the flesh of sour apples tochildren, 绿水渗透了我的杉木船壳
The green water penetrated my pinewoodhull 清甜赛过孩子贪吃的酸苹果,
And washed me clean of the bluishwine-stains and the splashes of vomit,
洗去了蓝的酒迹和呕吐的污迹,
Carrying away both rudder and anchor. 冲掉了我的铁锚、我的舵。
And from that time on I bathed in thePoem 从此,我就沉浸于大海的诗--
Of the Sea, star-infused and churned intomilk, 海呀,泡满了星星,犹如乳汁;
Devouring the green azures; where,entranced in pallid flotsam,
吞噬蓝色的地平线,有时,苍白然而安逸,
A dreaming drowned man sometimes goesdown; 一具沉思的尸体逐波而飘过,
Where, suddenly dyeing the bluenesses,deliriums 这一片青蓝和荒诞、以及白日之火
And slow rhythms under the gleams of thedaylight, 辉映下的缓慢节奏,转眼被染了色--
Stronger than alcohol, vaster than music 橙红的爱的霉斑在发酵、在发苦,
Ferment the bitter rednesses of love! 比酒精更强烈,比竖琴更辽阔。
I have come to know the skies splittingwith lightnings, and the waterspouts
我熟悉在电光下开裂的天空,
And the breakers and currents; I know theevening, 狂浪、激流、龙卷风;我熟悉黄昏
And Dawn rising up like a flock of doves, 和像一群白鸽般振奋的黎明,
And sometimes I have seen what men haveimagined they saw! 我还见过人们只能幻想的奇景!
I have seen the low-hanging sun speckledwith mystic horrors. 我见过夕阳,被神秘的恐怖染黑,
Lighting up long violet coagulations, 闪耀着长长的紫色的凝辉,
Like the performers in very-antiquedramas 照着海浪向远方滚去的微颤,
Waves rolling back into the distances theirshiverings of venetian blinds!
像照着古代戏剧里的合唱队!
I have dreamed of the green night of thedazzled snows 我梦见绿的夜,在眩目的白雪中
The kiss rising slowly to the eyes of theseas, 一个吻缓缓地涨上大海的眼睛,
The circulation of undreamed-of saps, 闻所未闻的液汁的循环,
And the yellow-blue awakenings of singingphosphorus! 磷光歌唱家的黄与蓝的觉醒!
I have followed, for whole months on end,the swells 我曾一连几个月把长浪追赶,
Battering the reefs like hysterical herdsof cows, 它冲击礁石,恰象疯狂的牛圈,
Never dreaming that the luminous feet ofthe Marys 怎能设想玛丽亚们光明的脚
Could force back the muzzles of snortingOceans! 能驯服这哮喘的海洋的嘴脸!
I have struck, do you realize, incredibleFloridas 我撞上了不可思议的佛洛里达,
Where mingle with flowers the eyes ofpanthers 那儿豹长着人皮,豹眼混杂于奇花,
In human skins! Rainbows stretched likebridles 那儿虹霓绷得紧紧,象根根缰绳
Under the seas' horizon, to glaucousherds! 套着海平面下海蓝色的群马!
I have seen the enormous swamps seething,traps 我见过发酵的沼泽,那捕鱼篓--
Where a whole leviathan rots in thereeds! 芦苇丛中沉睡着腐烂的巨兽;
Downfalls of waters in the midst of thecalm 风平浪静中骤然大水倾泻,
And distances cataracting down intoabysses! 一片远景像瀑布般注入涡流!
Glaciers, suns of silver, waves of pearl,skies of red-hot coals! 我见过冰川、银太阳、火炭的天色,
Hideous wrecks at the bottom of browngulfs 珍珠浪、棕色的海底的搁浅险恶莫测,
Where the giant snakes devoured byvermin 那儿扭曲的树皮发出黑色的香味,
Fall from the twisted trees with blackodours! 从树上落下被臭虫啮咬的巨蛇!
I should have liked to show to childrenthose dolphins 我真想给孩子们看看碧浪中的剑鱼--
Of the blue wave, those golden, thosesinging fishes. 那些金灿灿的鱼,会唱歌的鱼;
- Foam of flowers rocked my driftings 花的泡沫祝福我无锚而漂流,
And at times ineffable winds would lend mewings. 语言难以形容的清风为我添翼。
Sometimes, a martyr weary of poles andzones, 大海--环球各带的疲劳的受难者
The sea whose sobs sweetened myrollings 常用它的呜咽温柔地摇我入梦,
Lifted its shadow-flowers with their yellowsucking disks toward me
它向我举起暗的花束,透着黄的孔,
And I hung there like a kneelingwoman... 我就象女性似的跪下,静止不动……
Almost an island, tossing on my beaches thebrawls 像一座浮岛满载金黄眼珠的鸟,
And droppings of pale-eyed, clamouringbirds, 我摇晃这一船鸟粪、一船喧闹。
And I was scudding along when across myfrayed cordage 我航行,而从我水中的缆绳间,
Drowned men sank backwards into sleep! 浮尸们常倒退着漂进来小睡一觉!
But now I, a boat lost under the hair ofcoves, 我是失踪的船,缠在大海的青丝里,
Hurled by the hurricane into the birdlessether, 还是被风卷上飞鸟达不到的太虚?
I, whose wreck, dead-drunk and sodden withwater, 不论铁甲舰或汉萨同盟的帆船,
neither Monitor nor Hanse ships would havefished up; 休想把我海水灌醉的骨架钓起。
Free, smoking, risen from violet fogs, 我只有荡漾,冒着烟,让紫雾导航,
I who bored through the wall of thereddening sky 我钻破淡 红色的天墙,这墙上
Which bears a sweetmeat good poets finddelicious, 长着太阳的苔藓、穹苍的涕泪,--
Lichens of sunlight [mixed] with azuresnot, 这对于真正的诗人是精美的果酱。
Who ran, speckled with lunula ofelectricity, 我奔驰,满身披着电光的月牙,
A crazy plank, with black sea-horses forescort, 护送我这疯木板的是黑压压的海马;
When Julys were crushing with cudgelblows 当七月用棍棒把青天打垮,
Skies of ultramarine into burning funnels; 一个个灼热的漏斗在空中挂!
I who trembled, to feel at fifty leagues'distance 我全身哆嗦,远隔百里就能听得
The groans of Behemoth's rutting, and ofthe dense Maelstroms 那发情的河马、咆哮的漩涡,
Eternal spinner of blue immobilities 我永远纺织那静止的蔚蓝,
I long for Europe with it's aged oldparapets! 我怀念着欧罗巴古老的城垛!
I have seen archipelagos of stars! andislands 我见过星星的群岛!在那里,
Whose delirious skies are open tosailor: 狂乱的天门向航行者开启:
- Do you sleep, are you exiled in thosebottomless nights, “你是否就睡在这无底深夜里-
Million golden birds, O Life Force of thefuture? - 啊,百万金鸟?啊,未来的活力?”
But, truly, I have wept too much! The Dawnsare heartbreaking. 可是我不再哭了!晨光如此可哀,
Every moon is atrocious and every sunbitter: 整个太阳都苦,整个月亮都坏。
Sharp love has swollen me up with headylangours. 辛辣的爱使我充满醉的昏沉,
O let my keel split! O let me sink to thebottom! 啊,愿我龙骨断裂!愿我葬身大海!
If there is one water in Europe I want, itis the 如果我想望欧洲的水,我只想望
Black cold pool where into the scentedtwilight 马路上黑而冷的小水潭,到傍晚,
A child squatting full of sadness, launches 一个满心悲伤的小孩蹲在水边,
A boat as fragile as a butterfly inMay. 放一只脆弱得像蝴蝶般的小船。
I can no more, bathed in your langours, Owaves, 波浪啊,我浸透了你的颓丧疲惫,
Sail in the wake of the carriers ofcottons, 再不能把运棉轮船的航迹追随,
Nor undergo the pride of the flags andpennants, 从此不在傲慢的彩色旗下穿行,
Nor pull past the horrible eyes of thehulks. 也不在趸船可怕的眼睛下划水!
《醉舟》是法国诗人兰波十七岁时的作品,也是前期象征主义诗歌的代表作之一。它是兰波通灵说的具体应用和示范。
兰波所谓的通灵,指的是一种超人的本领,既能看到、听到、感到凡人看不到、听不到、感不到的东西。他认为杰出的诗人都应该是通灵者,只有通灵的诗人才能达到“未知”的境界,写出真正的诗篇。而要通灵,就必须打乱自己的感觉系统,“长期、巨大、有步骤地使全部感官错位”。为此,要用烈酒和大麻来麻痹感官,在幻觉和梦呓造成的错乱中接近冥冥的真实。
兰波死时37岁,英年早逝。后来兰波的故事被改编成了电影,由莱昂纳多饰演兰波的《心之全蚀》。
在《醉舟》中,诗人喝得酪酊大醉,乘一叶似乎也醉了的小舟,顺着河道流进了大海。醉人醉舟摆脱了纤夫,舵与锚再也不能控制他们。他们无拘无束,自由自在,畅游在浩瀚的大海里。诗中的“纤夫”、“舵”和“锚”可以理解成是束缚人们头脑的种种外界因素,包括社会道德规范、思维定势、法则乃至感官的局限。摆脱了这些绳索,心才能活跃起来,才能尽情地去感受、体会和发现,这种发现是麻木不仁的非通灵者所难以想象的。而诗中出现的那么多神奇的景象正是一个感官迷醉、心灵开启的诗人所感受到的种种幻象,诗人试图用这些幻象来建立一个只属于自己的内在世界,以达到内心的平和。
一开始就是进入未知的海洋、未知的文明,“河水让我任意漂流,无牵无挂”,在这未知的海洋中有风暴有海浪,“风暴祝福我在大海上苏醒”,同时这条大海上的醉舟又被“冲掉了我的铁锚,我的舵”,大海成了醉舟逃脱文明束缚的流放地,在这原始自由的流放地中一切狂暴的事物都成了一种热情的迸发。接着,大海在一片光怪陆离的色彩中被罗列了一大堆相关意象,发明了元音色彩的兰波在这里充分调动了他的通灵者灵感,平静的大海在这样的背景衬托下变得五彩斑斓。而值得注意的是,兰波写《醉舟》的时候并没有见过大海,这正是他天才的表现。他能利用通灵将自己所未见的描绘的活灵活现生动美妙,并赋予其生命和特殊的意义。
另外,诗的结构层次相对来说也比较清楚。先写醉人醉舟如何摆脱束缚漂入大海,然后写诗人在海上的所见所闻,最后表露诗人的种种心情。在节奏方面,《醉舟》也有其特点,它随着海水的变化而变化,有时如行云流水,有时千回百转,颠簸不定,具有一种运动感和旋律感。诗歌迫不及待地在一个又一个意象间跳跃着,流变纷呈令人目不暇接。那些美丽的词语肆无忌惮,绽放着所有兰波对流浪、冒险、自由的向往。宁愿葬身大海的醉舟在继续着对乐园的追寻,“我疯狂地迷恋着自由的自由”,醉舟与大海所承载的是用自由去开创一个新世纪的幻象,是对新世界的寻求和对未知的探索,是诗人对毫无羁绊、无拘无束的极端自由的向往和追求。
而对于这个诗人兰波,除了年纪轻轻就表现出来的诗歌方面的天赋,和诗人魏尔伦的恋情备受争议。
兰波是法国人,年少成名,17岁便被誉为是“天才诗人”,在1871年的9月,17岁的少年诗人兰波手执保尔·魏尔伦的书信,来到巴黎。此前,魏尔伦读过兰波的一首诗———《醉舟》,惊为天人。没有人能预见到,这是一场旷世恋情的开始———19世纪下半叶法国的“诗人之王”保尔·魏尔伦爱上了才华横溢、小他10岁的诗人兰波。
这是一场为世俗所不容许的同性之恋。两人同居之后,生活挥霍而放任,酗酒和吸食大麻,都是家常便饭。他们的行为为巴黎的文学精英团体所不容,而兰波的恃才傲物更是引起许多人的反感。在这一时期,兰波创作了大量具有震撼力的诗作,他的诗歌成就甚至超过了象征主义文学的先驱波德莱尔。1872年,魏尔伦抛弃了妻子和嗷嗷待哺的儿子,带着兰波,私奔到伦敦去了。不过一年之后的夏天,两位恋人在布鲁塞尔火车站发生争吵,暴躁的魏尔伦掏出手枪,向提出分手的兰波开了一枪,打伤了兰波的手腕。
兰波一怒之下,叫来警察,魏尔伦被捕。被捕期间,魏尔伦被迫接受了一系列具有侮辱性的心理治疗,原因是魏尔伦的妻子指控她的丈夫和兰波之间不正常的“友情”。开庭审理时,尽管兰波一再宣称自己撤回对魏尔伦的控诉,法官还是判魏尔伦入狱两年。
1875年,兰波和魏尔伦最后一次在德国相遇。此时的魏尔伦已经获释,并被迫皈依了天主教。这个时候,兰波已经受够了早年的放纵生活,基本放弃了写作生涯,而是开始从事一些能够给他带来稳定收入的工作。他开始徒步在欧洲大陆旅行。在这段时间,他没有再和男性产生同性恋情,而是和很多当地的女性相恋。
魏尔伦回到了巴黎,他已经众叛亲离,只好去乡下教书度日。魏尔伦后来东山再起,回到巴黎,成为那个年代的“诗人之王”。好景不长,这个自诩为“受诅咒的诗人”又过起了酗酒放浪的生活,最后在贫病中死去。
《醉舟》-兰波:被流放的上帝之子
The Drunken Boat 醉舟
As I was floating down unconcerned Rivers 当我顺着无情河水只有流淌,
I no longer felt myself steered by thehaulers: 我感到纤夫已不再控制我的航向。
Gaudy Redskins had taken them fortargets 吵吵嚷嚷的红种人把他们捉去,
Nailing them naked to coloured stakes. 剥光了当靶子,钉在五彩桩上。
I cared nothing for all my crews, 所有这些水手的命运,我不管它,
Carrying Flemish wheat or Englishcottons. 我只装运佛兰芒小麦、英国棉花。
When, along with my haulers those uproarswere done with 当纤夫们的哭叫和喧闹消散,
The Rivers let me sail downstream where Ipleased. 河水让我随意漂流,无牵无挂。
Into the ferocious tide-rips 我跑了一冬,不理会潮水汹涌
Last winter, more absorbed than the mindsof children, 比不经心的孩子们还要冒失
I ran! And the unmoored Peninsulas 我狂奔啊!连那些流动的岛屿
Never endured more triumphantclamourings 都没有遇过这般激越的震荡。
The storm made bliss of my sea-borneawakenings. 风暴祝福我在大海上苏醒,
Lighter than a cork, I danced on thewaves 我舞蹈着,比瓶塞子还轻,
Which men call eternal rollers ofvictims, 在海浪--死者永恒的摇床上
For ten nights, without once missing thefoolish eye of the harbor lights!
一连十夜,绝不留恋信号灯的傻眼睛。
Sweeter than the flesh of sour apples tochildren, 绿水渗透了我的杉木船壳
The green water penetrated my pinewoodhull 清甜赛过孩子贪吃的酸苹果,
And washed me clean of the bluishwine-stains and the splashes of vomit,
洗去了蓝的酒迹和呕吐的污迹,
Carrying away both rudder and anchor. 冲掉了我的铁锚、我的舵。
And from that time on I bathed in thePoem 从此,我就沉浸于大海的诗--
Of the Sea, star-infused and churned intomilk, 海呀,泡满了星星,犹如乳汁;
Devouring the green azures; where,entranced in pallid flotsam,
吞噬蓝色的地平线,有时,苍白然而安逸,
A dreaming drowned man sometimes goesdown; 一具沉思的尸体逐波而飘过,
Where, suddenly dyeing the bluenesses,deliriums 这一片青蓝和荒诞、以及白日之火
And slow rhythms under the gleams of thedaylight, 辉映下的缓慢节奏,转眼被染了色--
Stronger than alcohol, vaster than music 橙红的爱的霉斑在发酵、在发苦,
Ferment the bitter rednesses of love! 比酒精更强烈,比竖琴更辽阔。
I have come to know the skies splittingwith lightnings, and the waterspouts
我熟悉在电光下开裂的天空,
And the breakers and currents; I know theevening, 狂浪、激流、龙卷风;我熟悉黄昏
And Dawn rising up like a flock of doves, 和像一群白鸽般振奋的黎明,
And sometimes I have seen what men haveimagined they saw! 我还见过人们只能幻想的奇景!
I have seen the low-hanging sun speckledwith mystic horrors. 我见过夕阳,被神秘的恐怖染黑,
Lighting up long violet coagulations, 闪耀着长长的紫色的凝辉,
Like the performers in very-antiquedramas 照着海浪向远方滚去的微颤,
Waves rolling back into the distances theirshiverings of venetian blinds!
像照着古代戏剧里的合唱队!
I have dreamed of the green night of thedazzled snows 我梦见绿的夜,在眩目的白雪中
The kiss rising slowly to the eyes of theseas, 一个吻缓缓地涨上大海的眼睛,
The circulation of undreamed-of saps, 闻所未闻的液汁的循环,
And the yellow-blue awakenings of singingphosphorus! 磷光歌唱家的黄与蓝的觉醒!
I have followed, for whole months on end,the swells 我曾一连几个月把长浪追赶,
Battering the reefs like hysterical herdsof cows, 它冲击礁石,恰象疯狂的牛圈,
Never dreaming that the luminous feet ofthe Marys 怎能设想玛丽亚们光明的脚
Could force back the muzzles of snortingOceans! 能驯服这哮喘的海洋的嘴脸!
I have struck, do you realize, incredibleFloridas 我撞上了不可思议的佛洛里达,
Where mingle with flowers the eyes ofpanthers 那儿豹长着人皮,豹眼混杂于奇花,
In human skins! Rainbows stretched likebridles 那儿虹霓绷得紧紧,象根根缰绳
Under the seas' horizon, to glaucousherds! 套着海平面下海蓝色的群马!
I have seen the enormous swamps seething,traps 我见过发酵的沼泽,那捕鱼篓--
Where a whole leviathan rots in thereeds! 芦苇丛中沉睡着腐烂的巨兽;
Downfalls of waters in the midst of thecalm 风平浪静中骤然大水倾泻,
And distances cataracting down intoabysses! 一片远景像瀑布般注入涡流!
Glaciers, suns of silver, waves of pearl,skies of red-hot coals! 我见过冰川、银太阳、火炭的天色,
Hideous wrecks at the bottom of browngulfs 珍珠浪、棕色的海底的搁浅险恶莫测,
Where the giant snakes devoured byvermin 那儿扭曲的树皮发出黑色的香味,
Fall from the twisted trees with blackodours! 从树上落下被臭虫啮咬的巨蛇!
I should have liked to show to childrenthose dolphins 我真想给孩子们看看碧浪中的剑鱼--
Of the blue wave, those golden, thosesinging fishes. 那些金灿灿的鱼,会唱歌的鱼;
- Foam of flowers rocked my driftings 花的泡沫祝福我无锚而漂流,
And at times ineffable winds would lend mewings. 语言难以形容的清风为我添翼。
Sometimes, a martyr weary of poles andzones, 大海--环球各带的疲劳的受难者
The sea whose sobs sweetened myrollings 常用它的呜咽温柔地摇我入梦,
Lifted its shadow-flowers with their yellowsucking disks toward me
它向我举起暗的花束,透着黄的孔,
And I hung there like a kneelingwoman... 我就象女性似的跪下,静止不动……
Almost an island, tossing on my beaches thebrawls 像一座浮岛满载金黄眼珠的鸟,
And droppings of pale-eyed, clamouringbirds, 我摇晃这一船鸟粪、一船喧闹。
And I was scudding along when across myfrayed cordage 我航行,而从我水中的缆绳间,
Drowned men sank backwards into sleep! 浮尸们常倒退着漂进来小睡一觉!
But now I, a boat lost under the hair ofcoves, 我是失踪的船,缠在大海的青丝里,
Hurled by the hurricane into the birdlessether, 还是被风卷上飞鸟达不到的太虚?
I, whose wreck, dead-drunk and sodden withwater, 不论铁甲舰或汉萨同盟的帆船,
neither Monitor nor Hanse ships would havefished up; 休想把我海水灌醉的骨架钓起。
Free, smoking, risen from violet fogs, 我只有荡漾,冒着烟,让紫雾导航,
I who bored through the wall of thereddening sky 我钻破淡 红色的天墙,这墙上
Which bears a sweetmeat good poets finddelicious, 长着太阳的苔藓、穹苍的涕泪,--
Lichens of sunlight [mixed] with azuresnot, 这对于真正的诗人是精美的果酱。
Who ran, speckled with lunula ofelectricity, 我奔驰,满身披着电光的月牙,
A crazy plank, with black sea-horses forescort, 护送我这疯木板的是黑压压的海马;
When Julys were crushing with cudgelblows 当七月用棍棒把青天打垮,
Skies of ultramarine into burning funnels; 一个个灼热的漏斗在空中挂!
I who trembled, to feel at fifty leagues'distance 我全身哆嗦,远隔百里就能听得
The groans of Behemoth's rutting, and ofthe dense Maelstroms 那发情的河马、咆哮的漩涡,
Eternal spinner of blue immobilities 我永远纺织那静止的蔚蓝,
I long for Europe with it's aged oldparapets! 我怀念着欧罗巴古老的城垛!
I have seen archipelagos of stars! andislands 我见过星星的群岛!在那里,
Whose delirious skies are open tosailor: 狂乱的天门向航行者开启:
- Do you sleep, are you exiled in thosebottomless nights, “你是否就睡在这无底深夜里-
Million golden birds, O Life Force of thefuture? - 啊,百万金鸟?啊,未来的活力?”
But, truly, I have wept too much! The Dawnsare heartbreaking. 可是我不再哭了!晨光如此可哀,
Every moon is atrocious and every sunbitter: 整个太阳都苦,整个月亮都坏。
Sharp love has swollen me up with headylangours. 辛辣的爱使我充满醉的昏沉,
O let my keel split! O let me sink to thebottom! 啊,愿我龙骨断裂!愿我葬身大海!
If there is one water in Europe I want, itis the 如果我想望欧洲的水,我只想望
Black cold pool where into the scentedtwilight 马路上黑而冷的小水潭,到傍晚,
A child squatting full of sadness, launches 一个满心悲伤的小孩蹲在水边,
A boat as fragile as a butterfly inMay. 放一只脆弱得像蝴蝶般的小船。
I can no more, bathed in your langours, Owaves, 波浪啊,我浸透了你的颓丧疲惫,
Sail in the wake of the carriers ofcottons, 再不能把运棉轮船的航迹追随,
Nor undergo the pride of the flags andpennants, 从此不在傲慢的彩色旗下穿行,
Nor pull past the horrible eyes of thehulks. 也不在趸船可怕的眼睛下划水!
《醉舟》是法国诗人兰波十七岁时的作品,也是前期象征主义诗歌的代表作之一。它是兰波通灵说的具体应用和示范。
兰波所谓的通灵,指的是一种超人的本领,既能看到、听到、感到凡人看不到、听不到、感不到的东西。他认为杰出的诗人都应该是通灵者,只有通灵的诗人才能达到“未知”的境界,写出真正的诗篇。而要通灵,就必须打乱自己的感觉系统,“长期、巨大、有步骤地使全部感官错位”。为此,要用烈酒和大麻来麻痹感官,在幻觉和梦呓造成的错乱中接近冥冥的真实。
兰波死时37岁,英年早逝。后来兰波的故事被改编成了电影,由莱昂纳多饰演兰波的《心之全蚀》。
在《醉舟》中,诗人喝得酪酊大醉,乘一叶似乎也醉了的小舟,顺着河道流进了大海。醉人醉舟摆脱了纤夫,舵与锚再也不能控制他们。他们无拘无束,自由自在,畅游在浩瀚的大海里。诗中的“纤夫”、“舵”和“锚”可以理解成是束缚人们头脑的种种外界因素,包括社会道德规范、思维定势、法则乃至感官的局限。摆脱了这些绳索,心才能活跃起来,才能尽情地去感受、体会和发现,这种发现是麻木不仁的非通灵者所难以想象的。而诗中出现的那么多神奇的景象正是一个感官迷醉、心灵开启的诗人所感受到的种种幻象,诗人试图用这些幻象来建立一个只属于自己的内在世界,以达到内心的平和。
一开始就是进入未知的海洋、未知的文明,“河水让我任意漂流,无牵无挂”,在这未知的海洋中有风暴有海浪,“风暴祝福我在大海上苏醒”,同时这条大海上的醉舟又被“冲掉了我的铁锚,我的舵”,大海成了醉舟逃脱文明束缚的流放地,在这原始自由的流放地中一切狂暴的事物都成了一种热情的迸发。接着,大海在一片光怪陆离的色彩中被罗列了一大堆相关意象,发明了元音色彩的兰波在这里充分调动了他的通灵者灵感,平静的大海在这样的背景衬托下变得五彩斑斓。而值得注意的是,兰波写《醉舟》的时候并没有见过大海,这正是他天才的表现。他能利用通灵将自己所未见的描绘的活灵活现生动美妙,并赋予其生命和特殊的意义。
另外,诗的结构层次相对来说也比较清楚。先写醉人醉舟如何摆脱束缚漂入大海,然后写诗人在海上的所见所闻,最后表露诗人的种种心情。在节奏方面,《醉舟》也有其特点,它随着海水的变化而变化,有时如行云流水,有时千回百转,颠簸不定,具有一种运动感和旋律感。诗歌迫不及待地在一个又一个意象间跳跃着,流变纷呈令人目不暇接。那些美丽的词语肆无忌惮,绽放着所有兰波对流浪、冒险、自由的向往。宁愿葬身大海的醉舟在继续着对乐园的追寻,“我疯狂地迷恋着自由的自由”,醉舟与大海所承载的是用自由去开创一个新世纪的幻象,是对新世界的寻求和对未知的探索,是诗人对毫无羁绊、无拘无束的极端自由的向往和追求。
而对于这个诗人兰波,除了年纪轻轻就表现出来的诗歌方面的天赋,和诗人魏尔伦的恋情备受争议。
兰波是法国人,年少成名,17岁便被誉为是“天才诗人”,在1871年的9月,17岁的少年诗人兰波手执保尔·魏尔伦的书信,来到巴黎。此前,魏尔伦读过兰波的一首诗———《醉舟》,惊为天人。没有人能预见到,这是一场旷世恋情的开始———19世纪下半叶法国的“诗人之王”保尔·魏尔伦爱上了才华横溢、小他10岁的诗人兰波。
这是一场为世俗所不容许的同性之恋。两人同居之后,生活挥霍而放任,酗酒和吸食大麻,都是家常便饭。他们的行为为巴黎的文学精英团体所不容,而兰波的恃才傲物更是引起许多人的反感。在这一时期,兰波创作了大量具有震撼力的诗作,他的诗歌成就甚至超过了象征主义文学的先驱波德莱尔。1872年,魏尔伦抛弃了妻子和嗷嗷待哺的儿子,带着兰波,私奔到伦敦去了。不过一年之后的夏天,两位恋人在布鲁塞尔火车站发生争吵,暴躁的魏尔伦掏出手枪,向提出分手的兰波开了一枪,打伤了兰波的手腕。
兰波一怒之下,叫来警察,魏尔伦被捕。被捕期间,魏尔伦被迫接受了一系列具有侮辱性的心理治疗,原因是魏尔伦的妻子指控她的丈夫和兰波之间不正常的“友情”。开庭审理时,尽管兰波一再宣称自己撤回对魏尔伦的控诉,法官还是判魏尔伦入狱两年。
1875年,兰波和魏尔伦最后一次在德国相遇。此时的魏尔伦已经获释,并被迫皈依了天主教。这个时候,兰波已经受够了早年的放纵生活,基本放弃了写作生涯,而是开始从事一些能够给他带来稳定收入的工作。他开始徒步在欧洲大陆旅行。在这段时间,他没有再和男性产生同性恋情,而是和很多当地的女性相恋。
魏尔伦回到了巴黎,他已经众叛亲离,只好去乡下教书度日。魏尔伦后来东山再起,回到巴黎,成为那个年代的“诗人之王”。好景不长,这个自诩为“受诅咒的诗人”又过起了酗酒放浪的生活,最后在贫病中死去。