Audio recording Sermon manuscript: 504 years ago today, October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted 95 theses, or statements, against the Church’s sale of indulgences to the door of St. Mary’s Church in Wittenberg. Luther making this protest is the reason why October 31st was the date that is chosen to commemorate the Lutheran Reformation of the Catholic Church. But October 31, 1517 was just the beginning of the story. The pope’s sale of indulgences was not going to be the main point of contention. Fairly quickly much bigger questions were raised. Who or what is authoritative for Christians? Do Christians need to submit to the pope or to the Scriptures? Who or what determines the doctrines that are taught? What if there are discrepancies and conflicts between the authorities in the church and the Scriptures? We could talk a long time about these questions and issues. But what I’d like to spend our time on today is what became the most important issue during the Reformation. The most important conflict was concerning how a person could be found to be acceptable in God’s sight. When God renders his verdict concerning an individual, what will that verdict be? And why? What is the basis for God’s verdict concerning the individual? These are the questions behind an important church word that it is good for you to know and understand, which is “justification.” How can a person be justified in God’s sight? That is a pretty important and practical thing to know, since our eternal fate is dependent upon it. Before we speak about what Luther and the other reformers rediscovered from the Bible, let’s first briefly describe how justification was understood in the Roman Catholic Church. Overall, the most important thing to understand is that according to the Catholic Church if we are to be justified before God it is because of a cooperative effort between God and I. God does his part. I am to do my part. God’s part is largely a matter of several different graces or gifts, such as the seven sacraments, and some other less important things. (Included, by the way, among these less important things would be indulgences, which Luther posted the 95 theses about.) God gave these graces to Peter and the other apostles. Therefore, through the ministers of the church, God dispenses his grace to those who wish to receive it. This is God doing his part, and you can count on God doing his part. But, according to Roman Catholic teaching, I also have to do my part. What is my part? First and foremost, I must receive these graces that are given out by the clergy. Then I must live a good life, keeping God’s and the church’s commandments. Whereas God can be counted on for doing his part, the Christian is not so trustworthy. Even the Catholics recognize that. But there is a remedy for that. The Christian can go to confession with the priest. He can buy indulgences. If the Christian sins a lot, then (even if all else fails) he can still work off his guilt in purgatory after he has died. Purgatory is not taught by the Bible, but eventually it came to be understood as a place where imperfect Christians who have died can go to get cleaned up through suffering, through being purged of the guilt that has been accumulated. Eventually the Christian will have done his part and will be holy enough to become a saint and can enter heaven. There is a lot more that we could say about the Roman Catholic Church’s teachings about being justified before God. Great big books have been written about this. Let it be said that the Roman Catholic Church’s teaching is not wild and nonsensical. It is not something that can just be written off as stupid. There is a good deal of truth in Roman Catholicism, particularly with what they say about God doing his part. Indeed, the whole overall arrangement makes a lot of sense to our natural way of thinking. There are so many things in life where the one party does his part, and the other party does their part. It seems reasonable that a