This episode focuses on the critical role of early safety testing in drug development. We'll explain key tests like the hERG inhibition assay, which helps identify potential cardiac risks. We will discuss assay design, providing examples like the history of terfenadine and the importance of early toxicological profiling. The episode will also explore AI-driven toxicity prediction models and examine cases where toxicities were discovered too late, emphasizing the need for continuous vigilance.

Furthermore, the episode will delve into the complexities of drug metabolism and the challenges of predicting how a drug will behave in the human body. We'll discuss the concepts of "fail fast, fail cheap" and personalized medicine, highlighting the importance of making informed decisions early in the drug development process. The episode will conclude with a discussion of the ethical considerations in drug development and the ongoing quest for safer and more effective therapies.