How do we define our "tribes"? That's a word that gets thrown around a lot these days - political tribes, ideological tribes, religious tribes, national tribes... it's just tribalism all the way down. Tribalism, factionalism - whatever you want to call "strong loyalty to one's own social group" - has been with us forever, and we'll never be rid of it. But we can redefine and expand our tribes to include more people, and decrease the animosity we may feel toward our "outgroups." Writer and filmmaker Jay Shapiro has been thinking a great deal about how to do just that.

Who Gets to Wear the Hat?: Replacement and Representation, by Jay Shapiro (companion essay to this episode)

Opposite Field - a film by Jay Shapiro

Are Humans Hard-Wired for Racial Prejudice? - Los Angeles Times

Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations, by Amy Chua

I Can Tolerate Anything Except the Outgroup, by Scott Alexander

Your Roots Are Showing, by Razib Khan

"50% of the 5,000 pilots we train in the next decade to be women or people of color." - United Airlines

Deficit Gives a Tarnish to Golden Gate Bridge - The New York Times

From “Is” to “Us” the Words That Define Impeachments, by Jay Shapiro

Moral Saints, by Susan Wolf

Dilemma Podcast - hosted by Jay Shapiro

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