The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval that took place in Russia in 1917, leading to the eventual overthrow of the Russian monarchy and the establishment of the first communist government in the world.

The First World War, also known as World War I, was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It was primarily fought between the Allied Powers, which included the United Kingdom, France, and Russia, and the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

The Boer Wars were two wars fought by the British Empire against the Dutch settlers in South Africa, known as the Boers, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Boer Wars were significant events in the history of South Africa and the British Empire, and they helped to shape the modern political and cultural landscape of the region.

The Spanish-American War was a conflict between Spain and the United States that took place between 1898 and 1902. It was a turning point in both American and Spanish history, as it marked the end of Spanish rule in the Americas and established the United States as a major world power. The war was sparked by a series of events and political movements in both Spain and the United States, as well as by the growing tensions between the two nations.

The Scramble for Africa was a period of intense colonization and imperialism by European powers in Africa that lasted from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. During this time, European powers such as Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Belgium rushed to carve up the African continent and establish colonies and territories in Africa, claiming large portions of the continent for themselves.

The unification of Germany was one of the defining events of the 19th century, marking the transformation of a collection of small, fragmented states into a single, powerful nation. The unification of Germany was a long and complex process that involved political, economic, and social changes, and it had far-reaching impacts on the world.

The unification of Italy was a process that took place over several decades in the 19th century, resulting in the formation of a single, unified nation-state from the disparate collection of city-states, principalities, and kingdoms that had existed in Italy prior to that time. This process was driven by a combination of economic, political, and cultural forces, as well as the efforts of a number of influential figures who sought to create a unified and democratic Italy.

The American Civil War was a defining moment in American history, marking a turning point in the country's development and setting the stage for a new era of political, social, and economic change. Spanning from 1861 to 1865, the American Civil War was a brutal and bloody conflict between the Confederate States of America and the Union.

The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in world history, marking a shift from manual labor-based economies to machine-based manufacturing and production. This change brought about significant economic, social, and political transformations that had far-reaching impacts on the world.

The French Revolution was a major event in European history that lasted from 1789 to 1799. It was a time of political and social upheaval in France, marked by significant changes to the country's political and social structure.