Music 271: 3/21/07 II: The concept of program music of the Romantic and Post-Romantic periods: A: Differences between the SP (Symphonic Poem) and Character piece: • Similar to Photograph vs. Film • CP invite image without a story, SP creates a story • Both assume an extra-musical role • Berlioz, Liszt, Smetana, Strauss, Sibelius were all examples of programmatic composers B: Criticism of the Concept of Program Music: 1. Robert Schumann (1835): wrote a critical essay about Symphonie Fantastique (1829, Germany: mid-1830s) 2. Eduard Hanslick (1854: published an essay “Vom musikalischen Schönen” in 1854 • Ideas which a composer expresses are mainly and primarily of a purely musical nature. • Definite feelings and emotions are not capable of being embodied in music. C: Putting this to the test: two orchestral compositions and the evidence of their composers’ expressive intentions: