This episode explores the critical process of determining the right dose for a new drug, a delicate balance between effectiveness and safety. We focus on dose-range finding studies in animal models, where researchers seek that "sweet spot"—a dose that works without causing harmful side effects. We'll discuss various dosing schedules, from single-dose studies for initial understanding to repeated-dose studies for long-term effects, and examine how different routes of administration impact dosing. We'll also explain why animal models are crucial for gathering initial safety and efficacy data before human trials, while acknowledging their limitations and ethical considerations.

Furthermore, we delve into the complex interplay of factors like bioavailability, half-life, and volume of distribution, and how these influence dosing decisions. The role of regulatory guidelines from the FDA and ICH in ensuring the ethical and responsible conduct of these studies will also be highlighted. Finally, we discuss the challenges researchers face, including differences between animal models and humans, and the ongoing evolution of this field. Join us as we explore the intricate world of dose-range finding studies, a crucial step in drug development.