For the following argument, use a diagram to represent the argument you construct.

Research has indicated that eating flour causes fatty deposits in the gut and flour is made of carbohydrates. Therefore, I propose that eating cake contributes to fatty deposits in the gut, because cakes contain flour.

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For the following argument, use a diagram to represent the argument you construct.

Only people with a dog license can own a dog and only people who live in a house rather than an apartment have the space for a dog. Therefore, only people in houses with dog licenses can legally own a dog.

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For the following argument, use a diagram to represent the argument you construct.

The bottle smashed in the kitchen. Two party-goers saw the cat on the fence during the time of the party. The glass was covered in dog fur. The cat did not smash the bottle.

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For the following argument, use a diagram to represent the argument you construct.

A photograph is an artistic expression. Some phones can do photographs. Therefore, some phones can allow for artistic expression.

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For the following argument, use a diagram to represent the argument you construct.

We should vote for Basil Brush at the next parent and teachers meeting. He was very good with organising the last fete, and has extensive experience as a mediator for meetings.

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For the following argument — what are the inference indicators? Use a diagram to represent the argument you construct.

There is a game that costs nineteen dollars. Albert and Andy have ten dollars each. If they combine this amount, they’ll have twenty dollars. Therefore, if they combine their money, they can afford the game.

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Analyse the following debate and identify how well the debate unfolds — are there any fallacies involved, and what are they?

BORIS: It’s silly to think of dying as the end of ourselves; we have memories, we have mementos, we have long-lasting influence on the environment. To call death an end is just scaring people and it’s irresponsible.

DORIS: But you cannot deny that we have a fear of death, it’s the ‘great unknown’ as it’s called. What about all the things you’d miss if you died today and you knew you were getting married tomorrow? No person who was truly living their life would ever consider the end of life being something so easily dismissed.

BORIS: Honestly, I think you’re being very narrow-minded — we have an eternal soul, we have the potential for passing on our genes and we already know what happens to our bodies. We can even donate our body parts to help other people! You’re just the kind of irresponsible fear-creator that we should ignore.

DORIS: Putting aside the insults, what evidence do you have for an eternal soul? Where is it in your body? Where is it after you’re gone? Plus, I know of plenty of people who work in hospitals and caregivers who try to sustain life. If that’s not a sign of a responsible approach to death, I don’t know what is.

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Today’s episode is the revision on reviews from the past week — you can support the 365DaysOfPhilosophy podcast by visiting www.patreon.com/kyliesturgess and review previous episodes at www.365daysofphilosophy.com.

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This is a book for current and future philosophy students and people like them: that is, for people who are intelligent and curious about all sorts of things. And who like to read something provocative, or odd, or funny. And who like to stay up too late with people like them chatting and discussing and disagreeing about a huge and random set of topics, armed with that most important philosophical tool: beer.

Robert Martin’s For the Sake of Argument is not a particularly long book but it’s got an enthusiastic and forthright approach to understanding and building philosophical debates. From the first it establishes that it’s a handbook, aimed at educating those who want to learn the basics of philosophical arguing, in an informal, entertaining and opinionated way. It covers the basics of identifying poor reasoning, how to build and support a case and basic fallacies and how to avoid them. I’d recommend this for high school students who are interested in studying the subject and anyone who might be worried that philosophy isn’t for them.

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Don’t be Fooled: A Philosophy of Common Sense is a new book by Jan Bransen, and I originally picked it up as a text that seemed to be about logic. It’s a little more than that; it’s an analysis of how we’re easily fooled and the importance of language and our preconceptions can hinder or help us. Being better aware of how easily it is to be fooled is an important element in developing common sense.

With short discussions and scenarios, it unpacks how we interpret meaning and the implications for relationships. While it’s less about philosophy and more about the power of rhetoric, I’d recommend this as a readable approach to understanding political and social mores and the power of language and how it can contribute to misunderstandings and manipulation.

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