This research article examines the functional development of the human cerebellum from birth through age five using over 1,000 high-quality brain scans. The study reveals that the cerebellum is already connected to higher-order cognitive networks at birth, with these interactions strengthening as children mature. By mapping the brain's functional topography, the authors demonstrate that cerebellar organization evolves from diffuse patterns in infancy to more focal, adult-like structures by age three. The findings also highlight significant functional asymmetry and sex-specific developmental trajectories, particularly in networks related to language and executive control. Ultimately, this work provides a foundational map of typical cerebellocortical connectivity, offering critical insights for future research into early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders.

References:

• Lyu W, Thung K H, Huynh K M, et al. Functional development of the human cerebellum from birth to age five[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1): 6350.