图|美联社：约翰·霍普菲尔德（左）和杰弗里·辛顿

封面|瑞典皇家科学院

BGM：Shadowing -Corbyn Kites

本期词汇表达：

1. artificial neural networks：人工神经网络

2. professor emeritus /ɪˈmerɪtəs/：名誉教授

3. British-Canadian：在英国出生或祖先来自英国的加拿大人

4. outsmart：vt. 比……更聪明

5. make headline：登上(新闻)头条

6. draw on：利用，借鉴

7. generative AI：生成式人工智能，如ChatGPT

8. underpin /ˌʌndərˈpɪn/：vt. 支持，巩固

9. inflict：vt. 使遭受(伤害等)

10. upend /ʌpˈend/：颠覆

英国《卫报》（The Guardian）

Tue 8 Oct 2024

Machine learning pioneers win Nobel prize in physics

两位机器学习先驱获诺贝尔物理学奖

Geoffrey Hinton, ‘godfather of AI’, and John Hopfield honoured for work on artificial neural networks

“人工智能教父”杰弗里·辛顿和约翰·霍普菲尔德因在人工神经网络领域的贡献而获此殊荣

Inspired by the workings of the brain, John Hopfield, a US professor emeritus at Princeton University, and Geoffrey Hinton, a British-Canadian professor emeritus at the University of Toronto, built artificial neural networks that store and retrieve memories like the human brain, and learn from information fed into them.

受大脑运作机制的启发，美国普林斯顿大学名誉教授约翰·霍普菲尔德和多伦多大学英裔加拿大名誉教授杰弗里·辛顿构建了人工神经网络，这些网络像人脑一样存储和检索记忆，并基于输入的信息进行学习。

Hinton, 76, who is often called “the godfather of AI”, made headlines last year when he quit Google and warned about the dangers of machines outsmarting humans.

今年76岁的辛顿常被称为“人工智能教父”，他在去年因离开谷歌并警告当心机器胜过人类的危险而登上头条。

The scientists’ pioneering work began in the 1980s and demonstrated how computer programs that draw on neural networks and statistics could form the basis for an entire field, which paved the way for swift and accurate language translation, facial recognition systems, and the generative AI that underpins chatbots such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude.

两位科学家的开创性工作始于20世纪80年代，展示了利用神经网络和统计学的计算机程序如何构成整个领域的基础，为快速准确的语言翻译、面部识别系统以及支撑ChatGPT、Gemini和Claude等聊天机器人的生成式人工智能铺平了道路。

Announced by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, the winners share the 11m Swedish kronor (about £810,000) prize for “foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”.

位于斯德哥尔摩的瑞典皇家科学院宣布，两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主将共享1100万瑞典克朗（约合81万英镑）的奖金，以表彰他们“利用人工神经网络实现机器学习的基础发现和发明”。

Hinton quit Google in order to speak freely about his concerns over the possible harms AI could inflict, from spreading misinformation and upending the jobs market to threatening human existence.

辛顿退出谷歌是为了自由地谈论他对人工智能可能造成的伤害的担忧，从误传信息、颠覆就业市场到威胁人类生存。