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9 - Homo sapiens (Part 1)
This episode begins our discussion of the prehistory of Homo sapiens, the species to which we belong. Our origins are examined on the African continent and we trace the movement of our Ancestors across the world, from Asia to Australia, and from Europe and Siberia to the Americas. This episode ends with a discussion of race, how it developed as a concept, and what it means to anthropologists today.
Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/183673468776/episode-9-homo-sapiens
Links and Referenced Mentioned:
Inspiration for the dissection of
‘population’ and ‘migration’: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/plug-and-play-genetics-racial-migrations-and-human-history/
Steve Olson quote: Mapping Human History, Mariner Books
(2002)
African Multiregionalism: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X1730182X?dgcid=author
Borrowing of the term “Ancestor”: The Humans Who Went Extinct, Clive
Finlayson, Oxford University Press (2009)
Generalist Specialists: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326689995_Defining_the_'generalist_specialist'_niche_for_Pleistocene_Homo_sapiens_Nature_Human_Behaviour
Deep Ancestral Ties to Living
Africans: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07164-9
& https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X18300601?via%3Dihub
Oldest Bow-and-Arrow: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324721964_The_antiquity_of_bow-and-arrow_technology_Evidence_from_Middle_Stone_Age_layers_at_Sibudu_Cave
Access of Southwest Asia from
Africa via warm and wet corridors: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303763801_Palaeohydrological_corridors_for_hominin_dispersals_in_the_Middle_East_250-70000_years_ago
Return movements into Africa: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325856764_Carriers_of_mitochondrial_DNA_macrohaplogroup_L3_basal_lineages_migrated_back_to_Africa_from_Asia_around_70000_years_ago
1.5-2.1% of non-African genomes are
Neanderthal: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031459/
Neanderthal Traits in Homo sapiens: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/neanderthaldna & https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28985494
Early Homo sapiens movements into Eurasia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5164938/& https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933530/
& https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0436-8 & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38818-x
Toba Eruption Discussion: When Humans Nearly Vanished, Donald
Prothero, Smithsonian Books (2018) & The
Great Divide, Peter Watson, HarperCollins Publishers (2013)
Possible climate-driver for Humans
leaving Africa: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/45/11/1023/516677/a-climatic-context-for-the-out-of-africa-migration
Lice study and the Origin of
Clothing: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(03)00507-4?
Bone needles: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/fashion-history-sewing-needles/
Alexander Harcourt coastal
migration reference: Humankind,
Pegasus Books (2015)
Genetic evidence for peopling of
Southeast Asia: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6397/88.long
Peopling of Sahul: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248418302136 & https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18299
& https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21416
Peopling of Eastern & Northern Asia:
https://investigativegenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-2223-4-11 & http://www.genetics.org/content/202/1/261 & http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/2/e1601877.full
Mating between Denisovans and
Ancestors: https://peerj.com/preprints/27526.pdf
Peopling of Europe: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585/ & https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427117/
& https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139694-we-may-have-mated-with-neanderthals-more-than-219000-years-ago/ & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41033-3
Peopling of Siberia: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693388
Peopling of the Americas: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27507099 & http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/8/eaat5473
& https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 & https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/11/ancient-dna-reveals-complex-migrations-first-americans/ & https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)31495-7?
Discussion of Race: A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived,
Adam Rutherford, The Experiment (2017); Mapping
Human History, Steve Olson, Mariner Books (2002); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756148/
Development of Phenotypic Traits: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/358/6365/eaan8433 & https://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674%2813%2900067-6
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By Joan Turmelle
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This episode begins our discussion of the prehistory of Homo sapiens, the species to which we belong. Our origins are examined on the African continent and we trace the movement of our Ancestors across the world, from Asia to Australia, and from Europe and Siberia to the Americas. This episode ends with a discussion of race, how it developed as a concept, and what it means to anthropologists today.
Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/183673468776/episode-9-homo-sapiens
Links and Referenced Mentioned:
Inspiration for the dissection of
‘population’ and ‘migration’: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/plug-and-play-genetics-racial-migrations-and-human-history/
Steve Olson quote: Mapping Human History, Mariner Books
(2002)
African Multiregionalism: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X1730182X?dgcid=author
Borrowing of the term “Ancestor”: The Humans Who Went Extinct, Clive
Finlayson, Oxford University Press (2009)
Generalist Specialists: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326689995_Defining_the_'generalist_specialist'_niche_for_Pleistocene_Homo_sapiens_Nature_Human_Behaviour
Deep Ancestral Ties to Living
Africans: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07164-9
& https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X18300601?via%3Dihub
Oldest Bow-and-Arrow: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324721964_The_antiquity_of_bow-and-arrow_technology_Evidence_from_Middle_Stone_Age_layers_at_Sibudu_Cave
Access of Southwest Asia from
Africa via warm and wet corridors: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303763801_Palaeohydrological_corridors_for_hominin_dispersals_in_the_Middle_East_250-70000_years_ago
Return movements into Africa: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325856764_Carriers_of_mitochondrial_DNA_macrohaplogroup_L3_basal_lineages_migrated_back_to_Africa_from_Asia_around_70000_years_ago
1.5-2.1% of non-African genomes are
Neanderthal: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031459/
Neanderthal Traits in Homo sapiens: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/neanderthaldna & https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28985494
Early Homo sapiens movements into Eurasia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5164938/& https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933530/
& https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0436-8 & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38818-x
Toba Eruption Discussion: When Humans Nearly Vanished, Donald
Prothero, Smithsonian Books (2018) & The
Great Divide, Peter Watson, HarperCollins Publishers (2013)
Possible climate-driver for Humans
leaving Africa: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/45/11/1023/516677/a-climatic-context-for-the-out-of-africa-migration
Lice study and the Origin of
Clothing: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(03)00507-4?
Bone needles: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/fashion-history-sewing-needles/
Alexander Harcourt coastal
migration reference: Humankind,
Pegasus Books (2015)
Genetic evidence for peopling of
Southeast Asia: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6397/88.long
Peopling of Sahul: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248418302136 & https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18299
& https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21416
Peopling of Eastern & Northern Asia:
https://investigativegenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-2223-4-11 & http://www.genetics.org/content/202/1/261 & http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/2/e1601877.full
Mating between Denisovans and
Ancestors: https://peerj.com/preprints/27526.pdf
Peopling of Europe: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585/ & https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427117/
& https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139694-we-may-have-mated-with-neanderthals-more-than-219000-years-ago/ & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41033-3
Peopling of Siberia: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693388
Peopling of the Americas: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27507099 & http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/8/eaat5473
& https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 & https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/11/ancient-dna-reveals-complex-migrations-first-americans/ & https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)31495-7?
Discussion of Race: A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived,
Adam Rutherford, The Experiment (2017); Mapping
Human History, Steve Olson, Mariner Books (2002); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756148/
Development of Phenotypic Traits: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/358/6365/eaan8433 & https://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674%2813%2900067-6