This episode focuses on the intricacies of formulating oral medications, specifically tablets and capsules, for optimal bioavailability and stability. It examines the crucial factors influencing oral drug absorption, including dissolution rate and solubility, and discusses how formulation scientists address challenges related to poorly soluble drugs. The episode explores various techniques employed to enhance drug dissolution and absorption, such as particle size reduction, co-solvents, and complexation. Real-world examples and case studies illustrate these strategies in action.

Beyond simply encapsulating the active ingredient, oral dosage formulation involves a delicate balancing act between bioavailability and stability. The episode highlights the importance of considering the drug's interaction with the fluids in the gastrointestinal tract, and how factors like pH and digestive enzymes can impact drug absorption. The discussion also delves into the role of excipients in oral dosage forms, explaining how they contribute to stability, drug release, and patient acceptability. Furthermore, the episode touches on the challenges posed by low-dose drugs and the importance of accurate dosing in these formulations. Finally, it explores advanced techniques like modified-release formulations and the use of enteric coatings to control drug release and optimize therapeutic outcomes.