This research identifies a specific group of leptin-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LepRLH) that helps animals overcome anxiety to perform essential survival behaviors. Using single-cell imaging and circuit manipulation in mice, scientists discovered that these neurons are activated by anxiogenic stimuli, such as open spaces or food in unfamiliar environments, to facilitate exploration and eating. The study reveals that prefrontal cortex inputs can inhibit these neurons, particularly in high-anxiety individuals, potentially leading to maladaptive responses. Furthermore, the findings highlight a critical role for these cells in anorexia nervosa models, where their activation prevents excessive, anxiety-driven locomotion and promotes energy preservation. Molecular analysis also links these neuronal clusters to genetic risk factors for eating disorders and anxiety, such as the Ebf1 and Opcml genes. Ultimately, the work demonstrates how this hypothalamic population balances emotional states with homeostatic needs to ensure adaptive behavior in both healthy and pathological conditions.

References:

• Figge-Schlensok R, Petzold A, Hugger N, et al. A lateral hypothalamic neuronal population expressing leptin receptors counteracts anxiety to enable adaptive behavioral responses[J]. Nature Neuroscience, 2025: 1-11.