This scientific study reveals that dural sinuses are not merely static drains for blood but are highly dynamic structures essential for brain immunity. Researchers discovered that in mice, the superior sagittal sinus is bifurcated into two chambers that actively contract and dilate to regulate intracranial pressure and fluid flow. These vessels are lined with specialized sinus endothelial cells (SECs) that utilize RAMP2 signaling to constantly restructure their boundaries. This shifting cellular surface, characterized by "ruffles" and "openings," facilitates the movement of immune cells and fluids between the blood and the brain’s protective membranes. By modulating these dynamics, the sinuses act as a critical neuroimmune interface that supports surveillance and defends against viral infections. Disruption of these active vascular processes can impair antiviral immunity and lead to increased pathogen entry into the central nervous system.

References:

• Monaghan K L, Zanluqui N G, Su Y, et al. Highly dynamic dural sinuses support meningeal immunity[J]. Nature, 2026: 1-10.