Rome decides Carthage, which had long ago ceased to be a threat, must be destroyed. Following a siege of several years, the city falls.

The Second Punic War shifts to North Africa, and Carthage is forced to negotiate a surrender. Under an enforced peace, Carthage shifts its focus to trade becoming wealthy and prosperous.

The war in Italy shifts away from great battles to sieges and skirmishes. Efforts to retake Sicily fail. Spain falls.

Hannibal scores his greatest victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae.

Hannibal crosses the Alps and defeats the Romans at the River Po and Trebia.

The Mercenary War and betrayal by Rome.

Naval battles, victory in North Africa, and defeat in Sicily.

First Punic War, fought on the island of Sicily.

The structure of government, economic policies, and early relations with Rome including treaties and military alliances.

Exploration in the Atlantic, threats made by Alexander the Great, and the matter of child sacrifice.