• Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a new Orthodox Christian basilica in Constantinople – the Hagia Sophia.
• Khosrow II, last Sasanian shah of Iran, is overthrown.
• Empress Wu Zetian abdicates the throne, restoring the Tang dynasty.
• Traditionally the date of publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western book printed with movable type.
• Berbice slave uprising in Guyana: The first major slave revolt in South America.
• American Revolutionary War: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, to help to train the Continental Army.
• Cato Street Conspiracy: A plot to murder all the British cabinet ministers is exposed and the conspirators arrested.
• Texas Revolution: The Siege of the Alamo (prelude to the Battle of the Alamo) begins in San Antonio, Texas.
• Mexican-American War: Battle of Buena Vista: In Mexico, American troops under future president General Zachary Taylor defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
• The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
• President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C., after the thwarting of an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, Maryland.
• Reconstruction Era: Post-U.S. Civil War military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.

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• Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14-20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
• The Battle of Picotin, between Ferdinand of Majorca and the forces of Matilda of Hainaut, ends in victory for Ferdinand.
• Robert II becomes King of Scotland, beginning the Stuart dynasty.
• King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne.
• Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, the dedicatee, receives the first printed copy of Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems .
• War of the Austrian Succession: The Battle of Toulon causes several Royal Navy captains to be court-martialed, and the Articles of War to be amended.
• The last Invasion of Britain begins near Fishguard, Wales.
• By the Adams-Onís Treaty, Spain sells Florida to the United States for five million U.S. dollars.
• Mexican-American War: The Battle of Buena Vista: Five thousand American troops defeat 15,000 Mexican troops.
• The French Revolution of 1848, which would lead to the establishment of the French Second Republic, begins.
• The United States Republican Party opens its first national convention in Pittsburgh.[citation needed]

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• Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
• Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
• The Prussian Confederation is formed.
• Mikhail I is unanimously elected Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia.
• A force of 1,400 French soldiers invaded Britain at Fishguard in support of the Society of United Irishmen. They were defeated by 500 British reservists.
• The first self-propelling steam locomotive makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren Ironworks in Wales.
• Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops cross the border to Sweden at Abborfors in eastern Finland, thus beginning the Finnish War, in which Sweden will lose the eastern half of the country (i.e. Finland) to Russia.
• Initial issue of the Cherokee Phoenix is the first periodical to use the Cherokee syllabary invented by Sequoyah.
• John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.
• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
• American Civil War: Battle of Valverde is fought near Fort Craig in New Mexico Territory.
• Lucy Hobbs Taylor becomes the first American woman to graduate from dental school.

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• The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
• Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland in lieu of a dowry for Margaret of Denmark.
• Juan Ponce de León sets out from Spain for Florida with about 200 prospective colonists.
• Edward VI of England is crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.
• René-Robert Cavelier establishes Fort St. Louis at Matagorda Bay thus forming the basis for France's claim to Texas.
• The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Post Office Department, is signed by United States President George Washington.
• Louis-Alexandre Berthier removes Pope Pius VI from power.
• Manuel Belgrano defeats the royalist army of Pío de Tristán during the Battle of Salta.
• Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville premieres at the Teatro Argentina in Rome.
• The 1835 Concepción earthquake destroys Concepción, Chile.
• Polish insurgents lead an uprising in Kraków to incite a fight for national independence.

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• Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.
• The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan idols in the Roman Empire.
• Having already been elected to the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1587, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa is crowned King of Sweden, having succeeded his father John III of Sweden in 1592.
• The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
• The Second Battle of Guararapes takes place, effectively ending Dutch colonization efforts in Brazil.
• England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England.
• Great Northern War: The battle of Napue between Sweden and Russia is fought in Isokyrö, Ostrobothnia.
• The Supreme Privy Council is established in Russia.
• Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason in Wakefield, Alabama and confined to Fort Stoddert.
• British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands and claims them in the name of King George III.

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• The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
• The Battle of Wesenberg is fought between the Livonian Order and Dovmont of Pskov.
• Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces.
• George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is executed in private at the Tower of London.
• Eighty Years' War: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by six warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.
• The ballad opera called Flora, or Hob in the Well went down in history as the first opera of any kind to be produced in North America (Charleston, S.C.)
• Fourth Anglo-Dutch War: Captain Thomas Shirley opens his expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa (present-day Ghana).
• Congress passes a law admitting the state of Vermont to the Union, effective 4 March, after that state had existed for 14 years as a de facto independent largely unrecognized state.
• French Revolutionary Wars: Sir Ralph Abercromby and a fleet of 18 British warships invade Trinidad.
• Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Montereau.
• In Montgomery, Alabama, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
• With Italian unification almost complete, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia assumes the title of King of Italy.
• Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski is executed by hanging in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities.
• John Tunstall is murdered by outlaw Jesse Evans, sparking the Lincoln County War in Lincoln County, New Mexico.

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• Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of Bayezid I, becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire with the support of Mircea I of Wallachia.
• Duke Friedrich and Duke Johann attempt to subdue the peasantry of Dithmarschen, Denmark, in the Battle of Hemmingstedt.
• On his way to be burned at the stake for heresy, at Campo de' Fiori in Rome, the philosopher Giordano Bruno has a wooden vise put on his tongue to prevent him continuing to speak.
• Myles Standish is appointed as first military commander of the English Plymouth Colony in North America.
• Sixteen men of Pascual de Iriate's expedition are lost at Evangelistas Islets at the western end of the Strait of Magellan.
• The Battle of Vasai commences as the Marathas move to invade Portuguese-occupied territory.
• In Sweden February 17 is followed by March 1 as the country moves from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.
• 1800 United States presidential election: An tie in the Electoral College between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr Vice President by the United States House of Representatives.
• War of the Sixth Coalition: The Battle of Mormant.

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• Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.
• Dutch forces led by Hendrick Lonck capture Olinda in what was to become part of Dutch Brazil.
• Battle of Torrington, Devon: The last major battle of the first English Civil War.
• First Leopoldine Diploma is issued by the Holy Roman Emperor, recognizing the Greek Catholic clergy enjoyed the same privileges as Roman Catholic priests in the Principality of Transylvania.
• Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes British Prime Minister.
• Colombo in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) falls to the British, completing their invasion of Ceylon.
• First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate USS Philadelphia.
• American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Donelson, Tennessee.
• Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes British Secretary of State for War.
• The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by Act of Parliament at Ottawa (44th Vic., c.1).
• Iceland's first football club, Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, is founded.
• The Council of Lithuania unanimously adopts the Act of Independence, declaring Lithuania an independent state.
• Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of Pharaoh Tutankhamun.

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• Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
• Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
• Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberios III publicly executed in the Hippodrome of Constantinople.
• At an assembly at Pavia of Lombard nobles, Arduin of Ivrea is restored to his domains and crowned King of Italy.
• Pope Paschal II issues Pie Postulatio Voluntatis, recognizing the Order of Hospitallers.
• During the Anglo-French War (1213-1214), an English invasion force led by John, King of England, lands at La Rochelle in France.
• While on board the Niña, Christopher Columbus writes an open letter (widely distributed upon his return to Portugal) describing his discoveries and the unexpected items he came across in the New World.
• Constantin Cantemir, Prince of Moldavia, and the Holy Roman Empire sign a secret treaty in Sibiu, stipulating that Moldavia would support the actions led by the House of Habsburg against the Ottoman Empire.
• The city of St. Louis is established in Spanish Louisiana (now in Missouri, USA).
• The Roman Republic is proclaimed after Louis-Alexandre Berthier, a general of Napoleon, had invaded the city of Rome five days earlier.
• Serbia's Sretenje Constitution briefly comes into effect.
• American Civil War: Confederates commanded by Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd attack General Ulysses S. Grant's Union forces besieging Fort Donelson in Tennessee. Unable to break the fort's encirclement, the Confederates surrender the following day.

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• Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt.
• Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German languages.
• Pope Benedict VIII crowns Henry of Bavaria, King of Germany and of Italy, as Holy Roman Emperor.
• The troubled 1130 papal election exposes a rift within the College of Cardinals.
• Several hundred Jews are burned to death by mobs while the remaining Jews are forcibly removed from Strasbourg.
• Spanish conquistadores, led by Nuño de Guzmán, overthrow and execute Tangaxuan II, the last independent monarch of the Tarascan state in present-day central Mexico.
• Having been declared a heretic and laicized by Pope Paul IV on 4 December 1555, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is publicly defrocked at Christ Church Cathedral.
• Coronation of Akbar as ruler of the Mughal Empire.
• The Mapuches launch coordinated attacks against the Spanish in Chile beginning the Mapuche uprising of 1655.
• The United States flag is formally recognized by a foreign naval vessel for the first time, when French Admiral Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte renders a nine gun salute to USS Ranger, commanded by John Paul Jones.
• American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Kettle Creek is fought in Georgia.
• James Cook is killed by Native Hawaiians near Kealakekua on the Island of Hawaii.
• French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent: John Jervis, (later 1st Earl of St Vincent) and Horatio Nelson (later 1st Viscount Nelson) lead the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar.

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