• King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
• The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedral of London, is destroyed in a fire caused by lightning and is never rebuilt.
• Siege of Osaka: Forces under Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
• Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession.
• The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon).
• Élisabeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers four kilometres in 45 minutes, and reached 1,500 metres altitude (estimated).
• Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel.

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• The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
• The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, deposed and sent into exile by conspirators of the Opsikion army in Thrace. He is succeeded by Anastasios II, who begins the reorganization of the Byzantine army.
• After 5-month siege during the First Crusade, the Crusaders seize Antioch (today's Turkey).
• The French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.
• The Treaty of Novgorod delineates borders between Russia and Norway in Finnmark.
• Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain.
• An English naval force defeats a fleet of Spanish galleys, and captures a large Portuguese carrack at the Battle of Sesimbra Bay
• Samuel de Champlain lands at Tadoussac, Quebec, in the course of his third voyage to New France, and begins erecting fortifications.
• The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherland.
• Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
• James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England), defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
• Jack Jouett begins his midnight ride to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature of an impending raid by Banastre Tarleton.

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• Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.
• First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later.
• London: Virginia gets new charter, extending borders from "sea to sea".
• The first Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.
• Franco-Dutch War: France ensured the supremacy of its naval fleet for the remainder of the war with its victory in the Battle of Palermo.
• Bridget Bishop is the first person to be tried for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts; she was found guilty and later hanged.
• Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.
• Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.
• Gordon Riots anti Catholic riots in London resulting in an estimated 300-700 deaths.
• French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror.
• Napoleonic Wars: A Franco-Spanish fleet recaptures Diamond Rock, an uninhabited island at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, from the British.
• The Slavic congress in Prague begins.

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• Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
• Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.
• Residents of Riga and Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
• A monk, John Cor, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky.[citation needed]
• Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.
• Combined forces loyal to Charles V attack and expel the Ottomans from Tunis during the Conquest of Tunis.
• The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
• In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
• Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675-79).
• The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.
• Wolraad Woltemade rescues 14 sailors at the Cape of Good Hope from the sinking ship De Jonge Thomas by riding his horse into the sea seven times. Both he and his horse, Vonk, drowned on his eighth attempt.
• The court-martial for malfeasance of Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, begins.
• Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.

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• Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
• Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus' and Cumans.
• King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris, France.
• Citing poor eyesight as a reason, Samuel Pepys records the last event in his diary.
• American Revolution: The Mecklenburg Resolves are adopted in the Province of North Carolina.
• Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
• The United States enacts its first copyright statute, the Copyright Act of 1790.
• French Revolution: The Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed.
• French and Spanish forces begin the assault against British forces occupying Diamond Rock, Martinique.
• In Australia, William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth reach Mount Blaxland, effectively marking the end of a route across the Blue Mountains.
• The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament, which houses Big Ben, starts keeping time.
• American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston and G.W. Smith engage Union forces under George B. McClellan outside the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
• American Civil War: Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor: The Army of Northern Virginia engages the Army of the Potomac.

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• Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres.
• Beginning of the Peasants' Revolt in England.
• The Council of Constance, called by Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, burns Jerome of Prague following a trial for heresy.
• Hundred Years' War: In Rouen, France, the 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal. The Roman Catholic Church remembers this day as the celebration of Saint Joan of Arc.
• Hussite Wars: Battle of Lipany: Effectively ending the war, Utraquist forces led by Diviš Bořek of Miletínek defeat and almost annihilate Taborite forces led by Prokop the Great.
• During the reign of the Zhengde Emperor, Ming dynasty rebel leader Zhu Zhifan is defeated by commander Qiu Yue, ending the Prince of Anhua rebellion.
• King Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour, a lady-in-waiting to his first two wives.
• In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal of finding gold.
• Henry III becomes King of France.
• The last ship of the Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel.
• Publication of Gazette de France, the first French newspaper.
• Thirty Years' War: The Peace of Prague is signed.
• From this date all honors granted by Charles I of England are retroactively annulled by Parliament.
• Future U.S. President Andrew Jackson kills Charles Dickinson in a duel.
• The First Treaty of Paris is signed, returning the French frontiers to their 1792 extent, and restoring the House of Bourbon to power.

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• The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
• Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under the command of Tamim ibn Yusuf defeat a Castile and León alliance under the command of Prince Sancho Alfónsez.
• Battle of Monte Porzio: A Roman army supporting Pope Alexander III is defeated by Christian of Buch and Rainald of Dassel.
• Battle of Legnano: The Lombard League defeats Emperor Frederick I.
• Mongol-Jin War: The Mongols entered Kaifeng after a successful siege and began looting in the fallen capital of the Jin dynasty.
• Philip VI is crowned King of France.
• Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih capture Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire.
• Battle of Samugarh: decisive battle in the struggle for the throne during the Mughal war of succession (1658-1659).
• English Restoration: Charles II is restored to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.
• The right of settlers in New France to enslave natives is upheld at Quebec City.
• American Revolutionary War: At the Battle of Waxhaws, the British continue attacking after the Continentals lay down their arms, killing 113 and critically wounding all but 53 that remained.

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• Battle of Hulao: Li Shimin, the son of the Chinese emperor Gaozu, defeats the numerically superior forces of Dou Jiande near the Hulao Pass (Henan). This victory decides the outcome of the civil war that followed the Sui dynasty's collapse in favour of the Tang dynasty.
• The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, declares the marriage of King Henry VIII of England to Anne Boleyn valid.
• The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, heading for the English Channel. (It will take until May 30 for all ships to leave port.)
• English Civil War: Bolton Massacre by Royalist troops under the command of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby.
• French and Indian War: In the first engagement of the war, Virginia militia under the 22-year-old Lieutenant colonel George Washington defeat a French reconnaissance party in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in what is now Fayette County in southwestern Pennsylvania.
• In Guadeloupe, 400 rebellious slaves, led by Louis Delgrès, blow themselves up rather than submit to Napoleon's troops.
• U.S. President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act which denies Native Americans their land rights and forcibly relocates them.
• The Paris Commune falls after two months.
• In San Francisco, John Muir organizes the Sierra Club.
• Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Tsushima ends with the destruction of the Russian Baltic Fleet by Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō and the Imperial Japanese Navy.
• The first Isle of Man TT race is held.
• The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the First Republic of Armenia declare their independence.
• The 28 May 1926 coup d'état: Ditadura Nacional is established in Portugal to suppress the unrest of the First Republic.
• In the Netherlands, construction of the Afsluitdijk is completed and the Zuiderzee bay is converted to the freshwater IJsselmeer.

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• Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
• Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
• Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland.
• John is crowned King of England.
• Richard of Cornwall, and his wife, Sanchia of Provence, are crowned King and Queen of the Germans at Aachen Cathedral.
• Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer the capital city of Beijing.
• Tsar Peter the Great founds the city of Saint Petersburg.
• The Battle of Oulart Hill takes place in Wexford, Ireland; Irish rebel leaders defeat and kill a detachment of militia.
• War of the Second Coalition: Austrian forces defeat the French at Winterthur, Switzerland.
• War of 1812: In Canada, American forces capture Fort George.
• Giuseppe Garibaldi begins his attack on Palermo, Sicily, as part of the Italian unification.

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• Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
• Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire takes place. The Sasanids defeat the Armenians militarily but guarantee them freedom to openly practice Christianity.
• King Edmund I of England is murdered by a thief whom he personally attacks while celebrating St Augustine's Mass Day.
• King Otto I elects his six-year-old son Otto II as heir apparent and co-ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom. He is crowned at Aachen, and placed under the tutelage of his grandmother Matilda.
• Alfonso VII of León and Castile is crowned in León Cathedral as Imperator totius Hispaniae (Emperor of all of Spain).
• An earthquake strikes Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan, killing about 23,000.
• William of Ockham, the Franciscan Minister-General Michael of Cesena, and two other Franciscan leaders secretly leave Avignon, fearing a death sentence from Pope John XXII.
• Geneva expels John Calvin and his followers from the city. Calvin lives in exile in Strasbourg for the next three years.
• The Battle of Haarlemmermeer, a naval engagement in the Dutch War of Independence.
• Pequot War: A combined English and Mohegan force under John Mason attacks a village in Connecticut, massacring approximately 500 Pequots.
• Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese and Spanish forces both claim victory in the Battle of Montijo.
• The Battle of Ackia is fought near the present site of Tupelo, Mississippi. British and Chickasaw soldiers repel a French and Choctaw attack on the then-Chickasaw village of Ackia.
• A Great Jubilee Day held at North Stratford, Connecticut, celebrates the end of fighting in the American Revolution.

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