A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.
• World War II: Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
• World War II: The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine ace of the war) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
• World War II: The final attempt of the Imperial Japanese Navy to win the war climaxes at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• A Fairchild F-27 crashes into Moose Mountain while on approach to Lebanon Municipal Airport in Lebanon, New Hampshire, killing 32 people.
• The October 2009 Baghdad bombings kill 155 and wound at least 721.

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• Orville Wright remains in the air nine minutes and 45 seconds in a glider at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
• First Balkan War: The Battle of Kirk Kilisse concludes with a Bulgarian victory against the Ottoman Empire.
• A bloodless coup d'état in Brazil ends the First Republic, replacing it with the Vargas Era.
• United Airlines Flight 608 crashes over the Bryce Canyon National Park killing all 52 passengers and crew onboard.
• Northern Rhodesia gains independence from the United Kingdom and becomes Zambia.
• The China National Space Administration launches an experimental lunar mission, Chang'e 5-T1, which will loop behind the Moon and return to Earth.

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• The Imatra Cinema was destroyed in a fire in Tampere, Finland, during showing the 1924 film Wages of Virtue; 21 people died in the fire and almost 30 were injured.
• World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf begins.
• The people of the Saar region vote in a referendum to unite with West Germany instead of France.
• Vietnam War: The 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), in conjunction with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, launches an operation seeking to destroy Communist forces during the siege of Plei Me.
• The Hungarian Republic officially replaces the communist Hungarian People's Republic.
• Yolanda Saldívar is found guilty of first-degree murder in the shooting death of popular Latin singer Selena.

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• The royalist Leonardopoulos-Gargalidis coup d'état attempt fails in Greece, discrediting the monarchy and paving the way for the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic.
• In East Liverpool, Ohio, FBI agents shoot and kill notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd.
• World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
• Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but turns down the honor.
• The Soviet unmanned space mission Venera 9 lands on Venus.
• Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.
• Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity.
• Michael Zehaf-Bibeau attacks the Parliament of Canada, killing a soldier and injuring three other people.

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• HMS Niobe arrives in Halifax Harbour to become the first ship of the Royal Canadian Navy.
• World War II: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, the first German city to fall to the Allies.
• In New York City, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum opens to the public.
• The 1969 Somali coup d'état establishes a Marxist-Leninist administration.
• Moshe Dayan resigns from the Israeli government because of strong disagreements with Prime Minister Menachem Begin over policy towards the Arabs.
• Andreas Papandreou becomes Prime Minister of Greece, ending an almost 50-year-long system of power dominated by conservative forces.
• North Korea and the United States sign an Agreed Framework that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.
• In Canada, the 2019 Canadian federal election ends, resulting in incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau remaining in office, albeit with the Liberal Party in a minority government.

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• Liquefied natural gas leaks from storage tanks in Cleveland and then explodes, leveling 30 blocks and killing 130 people.
• American general Douglas MacArthur fulfills his promise to return to the Philippines when he comes ashore during the Battle of Leyte.
• Cold War: The House Un-American Activities Committee begins its investigation into Communist infiltration of the Hollywood film industry, resulting in a blacklist that prevents some from working in the industry for years.
• The "Johnny Bright incident" occurs during a football game between the Drake Bulldogs and Oklahoma A&M Aggies.
• Watergate scandal: "Saturday Night Massacre": United States President Richard Nixon fires U.S. Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus after they refuse to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox, who is finally fired by Solicitor General Robert Bork.
• Two police officers and a Brink's armored car guard are killed during an armed robbery carried out by members of the Black Liberation Army and Weather Underground in Nanuet, New York.
• A massive firestorm breaks out in the hills of Oakland and Berkeley, California killing 25 people and destroying more than 3,000 homes, apartments and condominiums.
• A 6.8 Mw earthquake strikes the Uttarkashi region of India, killing more than 1,000 people.

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• First World War: The First Battle of Ypres begins.
• The Portuguese Prime Minister and several officials are murdered in the Bloody Night coup.
• Iran becomes the first country to accept technical assistance from the United States under the Point Four Program.
• The president of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, along with 33 others, die when their aircraft crashes into the Lebombo Mountains.
• The United States Navy conducts Operation Nimble Archer, an attack on two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf.
• Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
• Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
• 105 people are injured in a train crash in Buenos Aires.

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• The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of radio transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service.
• Texas Instruments announces the first transistor radio.
• The Soviet probe Venera 4 reaches Venus and becomes the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere of another planet.
• The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) begins allowing people to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government license.
• Karachi bombing: A suicide attack on a motorcade carrying former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto kills 139 and wounds 450 more. Bhutto herself is uninjured.
• Riots in Chile's capital Santiago escalate into open battles, with attacks reported at nearly all of the city's 164 Metro stations. President Sebastián Piñera later announces a 15-day state of emergency in the capital.
• NASA Astronauts Jessica Meir and Christina Koch take part in the first all-female spacewalk when they venture out of the International Space Station to replace a power controller.

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• A massive demonstration in Buenos Aires, Argentina, demands Juan Perón's release.
• Indonesian Army elements surrounded the Merdeka Palace demanding President Sukarno disband the Provisional People's Representative Council.
• The first commercial nuclear power station is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in Sellafield, England.
• Directed by their chief Maurice Papon, Paris police massacre scores of Algerian protesters.
• Mother Teresa is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
• Russian journalist Dmitry Kholodov is assassinated while investigating corruption in the armed forces.
• Taipei 101, a 101-floor skyscraper in Taipei, becomes the world's tallest high-rise.
• Kerch Polytechnic College attack in Crimea.

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• William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz hold the first summit between a U.S. and a Mexican president. They narrowly escape assassination.
• Margaret Sanger opens the first family planning clinic in the United States.
• Holocaust in Italy: Raid of the Ghetto of Rome.
• The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, is assassinated in Rawalpindi.
• The Australian Coalition sparks a constitutional crisis when they vote to defer funding for the government's annual budget.
• Pope John Paul II becomes the first non-Italian pontiff since 1523.
• The Million Man March takes place in Washington, D.C. About 837,000 attend.
• Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.

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