From summer 2024 up to summer 2025, I had been keeping track of these resources in a private Google Doc shared only with a couple of people. I realized others might benefit too, so here is the latest version, last-updated on August 7th, 2025.

You'll find a few references that are missing from the list below in my post Discussions of Longtermism should focus on the problem of Unawareness (October 20th, 2025).

See also DiGiovanni's Resource guide: Unawareness, indeterminacy, and cluelessness (July 7th, 2025) for a cluelessness Q&A and pointers to what references address what.

See also this comment of mine (September 15th, 2025) for a brief overview of key debates surrounding cluelessness.

See also DiGiovanni's What to do about near-term cluelessness in animal welfare (October 8th, 2025) and Graham's If wild animal welfare is intractable, everything is intractable. (November 14th, 2025) for cluelessness concerns (and what to make of them) in animal welfare, in particular.

On reasons to be clueless about how to increase welfare impartially

• Anthony DiGiovanni's (2025) sequence The challenge of unawareness for impartial altruist action guidance
• Christian Tarsney et al. (2024) Moral Decision-Making Under Uncertainty, Section 3. Cluelessness and Deep Uncertainty
• Andreas Mogensen [...]

---

Outline:

(01:18) On reasons to be clueless about how to increase welfare impartially

(04:06) Attempts to debunk these reasons for cluelessness

(07:37) On indeterminate beliefs

---

First published:

Source:

---

Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO.