TLDR: Welfare interventions in aquaculture don't reliably transfer across species, so each species requires independent research and implementation. I introduce "target populations" as a unit of analysis to quantify how many groups exist. From 2000 to 2023, the number of species comprising 85% of aquaculture production grew from 14 to 22. This means the structural cost of covering the same share of the industry has grown substantially, independent of how well any single intervention performs. This is a portfolio problem, not an intervention problem, and many major producing countries are trending towards further fragmentation.
Summary
In terrestrial agriculture, one species (the domestic chicken) accounts for 89% of all farmed vertebrates. That lack of species diversity is part of what made cage-free campaigns scalable and tractable: the same welfare issues recurred across farms, enabling one intervention to address the same problem everywhere, and similar farm contexts made that intervention feasible everywhere.
Aquaculture does not have this structure. 22 species (e.g. Mrigal carp, Atlantic salmon) comprise 85% of farmed aquatic vertebrates, and 260 more account for the rest. This diversity has not consolidated over time. The number of species comprising the top 85% of production has increased from 14 to 22 [...]
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Outline:
(00:53) Summary
(03:38) What is a target population?
(04:06) Species distance is one dimension
(06:15) Other dimensions matter too
(07:04) Example: sea lice in Atlantic Salmon
(08:29) How many target populations are there in aquaculture?
(11:21) Trends in species diversity over time
(11:26) Global Trends
(11:57) Country Trends
(13:10) Fragmentation is a portfolio problem, not an intervention problem
(14:30) Do outcome-based standards sidestep this cost?
(15:51) What this means for the movement
(16:22) Recommendations
(18:54) Author Notes
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