Acts 15 describes a pivotal moment in the early church when a major dispute arose over whether Gentile (non-Jewish) believers needed to follow the Jewish law, especially circumcision. The apostles and elders met in Jerusalem—often called the Jerusalem Council—to resolve the issue. After discussion, including testimonies from Peter, Paul, and Barnabas, James concluded that Gentile believers should not be burdened with the full Mosaic Law. Instead, they were asked to abstain from idolatry, sexual immorality, and certain practices related to food. A letter conveying this decision was sent to the Gentile churches, bringing unity and encouragement to the growing Christian community.