In this episode, we tackle two critical respiratory emergencies—acute respiratory failure (ARF) and pulmonary embolism (PE)—through the lens of nursing assessment and management. We’ll break down the pathophysiology, causes, and clinical manifestations of ARF, distinguishing between hypoxemic and hypercapnic types using arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation. You’ll learn about essential diagnostic tools like chest x-rays, V/Q scans, and ABGs, as well as evidence-based medical and nursing interventions, including mechanical ventilation, intubation, anticoagulation, and thrombolytic therapy. We’ll also unpack the concept of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, exploring how shunts and dead space impact gas exchange, and discuss Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) as a serious complication of anticoagulant therapy. This episode equips nurses with the knowledge and confidence to recognize, manage, and advocate for patients experiencing life-threatening respiratory disorders.