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Imagine staring at a molecule—a tangled cloud of electrons and nuclei—and realizing that, with today’s tools, you still can’t fully predict how those critical particles will behave. Now, picture using the most advanced quantum computers on Earth, knitting the fabric of reality itself, to simulate this process in real time. Hello, I’m Leo, your Learning Enhanced Operator and quantum computing specialist, and this is Advanced Quantum Deep Dives.

Today, I want to share a true leap forward. The most interesting research paper this week, highlighted on PennyLane’s Spring 2025 quantum algorithm roundup, is “A comprehensive framework to simulate real-time chemical dynamics on a fault-tolerant quantum computer.” This paper, authored by a multidisciplinary team from Caltech and IBM, tackles the holy grail of quantum chemistry: simulating how molecules change, react, and live in their quantum environment—using a quantum computer that can handle noise and errors along the way.

Let’s set the scene: inside a cooled laboratory, superconducting circuits are suspended on sapphire chips, and every qubit—those fragile keepers of quantum information—must be coaxed, monitored, and protected. Any stray thermal vibration, an errant photon, could collapse your delicate computation. The breakthrough here is a robust, error-tolerant architecture that leverages not just quantum processors, but also classical supercomputers running in tandem. This hybrid quantum–classical model is what the authors call “quantum-centric supercomputing.” Think of it as an intricate dance—where classical computers handle the brute force calculations, and quantum processors step in to solve the quantum pieces no classical machine can touch. It’s like choreographing a ballet with partners who speak entirely different languages, yet somehow produce a unified performance.

In their experiments, the researchers used IBM’s Heron quantum processor, a marvel of engineering, operating alongside RIKEN’s Fugaku supercomputer in Japan. By combining quantum error correction and hybrid computation, they simulated the electronic energy levels of molecules far more complex than anything previously tackled. Here’s the surprising fact: previous attempts in this field ran on only a handful of qubits—now, the team scaled up to as many as 77 qubits, pushing the boundaries of what’s chemically and computationally possible.

Why does this matter? Because understanding chemical dynamics at the quantum level unlocks new frontiers in drug discovery, materials science, and climate tech. Just as topological quantum processors and photonic platforms are showing us multiple paths to robust quantum computation this year, these new methods reveal how quantum theory can impact the world outside the lab—echoing the transition we’re seeing right now, from theory to wide deployment.

If the quantum realm sometimes seems distant, remember: the molecules in your morning coffee,

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Today, a subtle tremor swept through the quantum world—a new research paper signals just how far we’ve come, and how quickly our quantum frontiers are shifting. I’m Leo, your Learning Enhanced Operator, and this is Advanced Quantum Deep Dives. Let’s dive straight in.

This morning, I was jolted awake by the news from Caltech: Sandeep Sharma and his collaborators at IBM and RIKEN have just published in Science Advances what may become a milestone in quantum chemistry. Their hybrid quantum–classical computation leveraged IBM’s Heron quantum processor alongside RIKEN’s Fugaku supercomputer to probe the electronic structure of the [4Fe-4S] molecular cluster—an iron-sulfur system fundamental to biological processes like nitrogen fixation. Imagine unraveling the mysteries at the heart of life, atom by atom, using quantum logic as your microscope.

What’s truly remarkable—and surprising—is the scale. While previous chemical simulations with quantum computers have been limited to systems with barely a handful of qubits, Sharma’s team operated with an unprecedented 77 qubits working in tandem with traditional high-performance compute nodes. They didn’t just break the bottleneck—they dissolved it, showing that by marrying quantum and classical methods, formidable biochemical puzzles are suddenly within reach. This “quantum-centric supercomputing” model suggests a future where hybrid workflows become the norm, not the exception. It’s as if quantum and classical teams are now running a relay, each passing the torch seamlessly to reveal the invisible choreography of electrons.

The dramatic energy of the quantum lab is something you can feel. Supercooled processors hum silently under cascades of liquid helium, wiring twisted with geometric precision, the faintest electromagnetic pulse coaxing fragile qubits into dance. Every experiment is a high-wire act, balancing the chaos of nature with the discipline of error correction—and now, genuinely reliable logical qubits have been demonstrated to outperform their unruly physical siblings. As Scott Aaronson of UT Austin recently noted, “We are close to or already at the threshold for fault tolerance”—the point where errors can actually be suppressed faster than they accumulate. Suddenly, scaling up is not just a dream, but an engineering challenge to be solved.

This breakthrough resonates far beyond the lab. In 2025, quantum’s momentum is unmistakable: Chalmers engineers have unveiled amplifiers that are ten times more efficient, D-Wave’s latest machine solved a problem that would leave supercomputers stumped for millennia, and investors are pouring over a billion dollars into quantum startups just this quarter. Everyone is eyeing the same horizon—deploying quantum at real-world scale, from climate modeling to cryptography.

So here’s a quantum parallel for you: just as superposition lets us hold many possibilities at once, quantum research now bridges science, in

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Have you ever felt the electric hum of possibility in the air, like the universe itself is about to reveal a new secret? That’s the energy buzzing through the quantum computing world this week. I’m Leo, your Learning Enhanced Operator, and this is Advanced Quantum Deep Dives, where today, we cross the event horizon into a fresh chapter of quantum reality.

Just days ago, the quantum community was rocked by news from the University of Southern California. Daniel Lidar’s group has, for the first time, demonstrated an unconditional exponential quantum scaling advantage—no caveats, no asterisks. This means that quantum processors, using nothing more than today’s IBM hardware, executed a set of tasks in a way that even the most powerful classical supercomputers simply couldn’t match. Think of it like watching someone solve a thousand-piece jigsaw puzzle before you can find the corner pieces. The kicker: this performance separation isn’t hypothetical anymore—it can’t be reversed by even smarter classical algorithms. Quantum has officially crossed a line from promise to proof, and, as Lidar put it, “today’s quantum computers firmly lie on the side of a scaling quantum advantage.”

Let’s step into the quantum lab for a moment. Picture rows of superconducting qubits—tiny islands chilled to a fraction of a degree above absolute zero, humming with energy fluctuations that make or break the future of computation. In their experiment, Lidar’s team pitted quantum processors against classical ones in “guessing games” designed to amplify the quantum advantage. Here, quantum bits aren’t just flipping between zero and one—they dance in superpositions, exploring many pathways at once, like an orchestra tuning to infinite harmonies before settling into a single, perfect chord. For the first time, the quantum performance here showed an exponential speedup that simply cannot be matched.

Now, the dramatic flourish: while these breakthroughs are astonishing, they’re not yet solving your grocery list or breaking global encryption. As Lidar admits, practical quantum supremacy—where these machines tackle real-world tasks beyond guessing games—remains just out of reach, echoing Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek’s caution that classical supremacy still stands in practical domains. But every quantum leap starts with a faint spark, and I can feel the room heat up as we get closer.

Which brings me to today’s most fascinating paper: a Nature publication detailing certified randomness. Scott Aaronson’s protocol, now realized on Quantinuum’s 56-qubit computer, generated truly random numbers—so random that a classical supercomputer could certify their unpredictability. For cryptography, fairness, and privacy, this isn’t just an academic milestone—it’s the quantum equivalent of striking oil on your first drill. Why? Because randomness is the bedrock of secure systems, and classical computers, no matter how clever, can’t guarantee the s

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This is Leo, your Learning Enhanced Operator, and today, I’m stepping right into the quantum storm. Let’s not linger in the realm of introductions—the quantum landscape has shifted again, and seismic currents are coursing through our deep field.

The buzz? Just days ago, the team at USC, led by quantum computing veteran Daniel Lidar, published what might be the most unambiguous demonstration yet of exponential quantum scaling advantage. Imagine, for a moment, a chess match where one side starts with pawns and the other with queens—it’s becoming clear which side quantum computers are beginning to play on. What’s dramatic, even for a researcher like me, is that their experiments, run on IBM’s superconducting quantum processors, have shown that for a specific class of “guessing game” problems, today’s quantum computers outperform their classical rivals by an exponential margin. This isn’t a theoretical promise written on whiteboards—this is a lab reality, measured and recorded, as of June 18th, 2025.

Here’s how that feels at the workbench: you stand in a cold, hum of dilution refrigerators. A tangle of gold wires, precision lasers, and software pulses orchestrate a ballet on qubits—IBM’s latest marvel. The air, crisp as a winter lake, buzzes with the anticipation of every new result. The findings don’t mean quantum computers solve all real-world problems, not yet. Lidar cautioned that these games aren’t practical applications—think of them as quantum benchmarks, challenges classical computers simply cannot answer in reasonable time. But the significance lies in the irreversibility of the gap: exponential quantum speedup, shown in hardware, is increasingly hard to refute.

But let’s not stop there. Los Alamos National Laboratory added its own brick to the quantum edifice this week, publishing a paper on simulating large Gaussian bosonic circuits. Their team, led by Diego García-Martín, tackled a challenge so complex that a classical computer would drown in memory before making any headway. But a quantum computer sailed through, mapping these problems to a class called BQP-complete—essentially, the territory where quantum machines reign, and classical computers are left adrift. That, my friends, is like handing someone a Rubik’s Cube scrambled in 10 dimensions and having quantum hands solve it in seconds.

Let me bring this to life for you: imagine you’re watching the world’s most complicated light show—thousands of photons weaving through intricate mazes of mirrors. Predicting where every photon will end up is a hopeless task for any classical computer, but the quantum device does so in a heartbeat, exploiting entanglement and superposition. It’s a reminder, each experimental pulse, that the quantum world is not just a curiosity—it’s a new computational order.

Now, for today’s most intriguing quantum research paper: a global team, including Quantinuum, JPMorganChase, Argonne and Oak Ridge National

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Today’s quantum world crackles with the energy of seismic change—think of it like an electrical storm, illuminating glimpses of a radically different future. And just this week, a bolt of lightning struck right here in Los Angeles: researchers at USC Viterbi dropped the latest in a series of groundbreaking results. Picture a room full of humming quantum processors—IBM machines, superconducting circuits cooled to temperatures colder than deep space, pulsing with the ghostly flicker of qubits. That’s where Daniel Lidar and his team proved, for the first time, what many of us in the field have dreamed: an unconditional exponential quantum scaling advantage.

Let me break that down. For years, we’ve been trying to prove that quantum computers can do something that classical computers simply can’t, at least not in any reasonable timeframe. Lidar’s group designed experiments—essentially elaborate guessing games—that run on IBM’s quantum processors. They showed that when it comes to these specific tasks, quantum processors outpace classical ones by an exponential margin. And not just for this moment—for all foreseeable time. Lidar himself summed it up with rare certainty: “The performance separation cannot be reversed because the exponential speedup is, for the first time, unconditional.” In other words, this isn’t just theory. Today’s quantum computers have reached a tipping point, crossing a boundary where classic silicon can never follow.

Of course, I can practically hear the skeptics—perhaps even some of you—asking: “But Leo, does this mean quantum machines can solve homelessness, cure cancer, or predict global markets?” Not yet. Lidar cautions that so far, these exponential feats are mostly limited to highly specialized scenarios—like arcane logic puzzles, or “oracles” that already know the answer. There’s still a mountain to climb before we see quantum leaps in drug discovery or encryption. But make no mistake: the “on-paper promise” of quantum speedups—something that’s been debated, doubted, even derided—is now experimentally real.

Parallel to this, another shimmering filament of quantum research emerged from Los Alamos just a few days ago. Diego García-Martín and colleagues tackled the infamous “bosonic circuit” problem. Imagine trying to perfectly describe a hall of mirrors with thousands of bouncing beams of light—each photon’s journey, each interference, mapped in dizzying detail. On a classical computer, it’d take more memory than exists on Earth. But with a quantum machine, García-Martín’s team simulated it efficiently. Their work shows that simulating these large Gaussian bosonic circuits is what we in the trade call BQP-complete—a kind of Everest of computational complexity. This means that if you can build a quantum computer that simulates these circuits, you can, in principle, solve all problems considered “hard-but-easy-for-quantum”—a breathtaking, universal claim.

The most surprisi

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Did you feel it? That sudden shiver in the air. No, it’s not the AC malfunctioning in my lab again—it’s the quantum world making headlines. I’m Leo, your Learning Enhanced Operator, and welcome back to Advanced Quantum Deep Dives, where we swap lab coats for curiosity and shine a coherent laser on the pulse of quantum technology.

I scarcely finished my morning espresso before today’s news pinged: IBM has announced plans to build the world’s first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer at their brand-new Quantum Data Center. That’s not just an incremental upgrade; that’s history pivoting. Their roadmap promises quantum systems capable of tackling previously intractable problems—think new medicine, renewable energy breakthroughs, logistics supercharged by unimaginable processing power. Fault-tolerance, in our lingo, means a quantum computer can finally correct its own errors in real time—like a pianist improvising flawlessly even if the sheet music catches fire mid-recital.

But perhaps the most intriguing moment this week comes from a new research paper out of Los Alamos National Laboratory, published just days ago. The team, led by Diego García-Martín, tackled what’s known as the “Gaussian bosonic circuit simulation” problem—a mouthful, but stick with me. Imagine simulating a system where thousands of photons (the ghostly packets of light itself) bounce and interact through a labyrinth of mirrors and crystals. To “write down” a classical description of all those tangled possibilities would require more memory than exists in every computer on Earth. Yet, a quantum computer did it efficiently and elegantly. Their findings prove, mathematically and experimentally, that these simulations fall into the “BQP-complete” class—problems impossibly hard for classical machines but, for quantum systems, just another Tuesday afternoon.

Let me paint you a picture of the quantum computer that made this happen. Picture a quiet room bathed in blue LED glow, superconducting circuits colder than interstellar space, their signals encoded not in simple ones and zeros, but in a mystical cloud of probabilities. Every time we run an experiment, the outcome isn’t predictable until we look—like Schrödinger’s cat but on silicon, alive and dead in superposition until the wave function collapses.

Now, here’s the surprising fact buried in the Los Alamos paper: not only did they simulate these vast circuits, but they’ve also shown that any problem in the BQP-complete class can be converted into one of these Gaussian bosonic scenarios—and vice versa. That’s like discovering that every unsolved puzzle in mathematics is secretly a Rubik’s Cube, and quantum computers hold the only hands nimble enough to solve them blindfolded.

Meanwhile, the International Conference on Quantum Engineering 2025 (ICQE) shrugs off the myth that quantum tech is science fiction. This week, their sessions focused on quantum’s role in energy and

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Welcome back to Advanced Quantum Deep Dives. I’m Leo, your Learning Enhanced Operator and, if you’re ready, we’re skipping the pleasantries—because today, quantum computing just redefined itself again.

Just this week, IBM shocked the quantum world by announcing their concrete plans to build the world’s first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer at their brand-new IBM Quantum Data Center. That hum under my fingertips as I piece together qubit arrays in the lab? It’s the same energy radiating out of Yorktown Heights right now. IBM’s roadmap isn’t some hazy promise, either. They’ve published detailed targets, with processors codenamed Loon, Kookaburra, and Cockatoo—all stepping stones toward Starling, their first true fault-tolerant machine. In 2025, their focus is on Loon: a quantum chip with unprecedented connectivity, thanks to so-called “c-couplers” that let distant qubits sing to one another. That’s like turning a telephone game into a high-speed, multi-lane superhighway for quantum information.

Why is that dramatic? Because fault tolerance is the holy grail—the line between laboratory curiosity and world-changing technology. All these steps are essential for realizing large-scale qubit error-correcting codes. These aren’t minor hardware tweaks; they’re architectural revolutions. By 2027, with Cockatoo, IBM promises to demonstrate entanglement across modules, a sort of quantum handshake—instant, delicate, and crucial for scaling up.

But let’s go deeper. I’m compelled by the latest research paper making waves this week: a Los Alamos team led by Diego García-Martín proved definitively that simulating large Gaussian bosonic circuits is provably hard for classical computers, yet “easy” for quantum machines. “Easy” is relative, but in computational complexity theory, this is monumental. Their work shows that these problems are BQP-complete—the quantum equivalent of Everest. Any other quantum-easy, classically-hard problem can be mapped there, and vice versa. The surprising fact? The team didn’t just theorize this; they simulated these circuits in practice on today’s quantum hardware. It’s more than academic. We’ve just stepped over the line: there are now problems in the wild that only quantum computers can efficiently solve.

Picture it—scientists wrangling arrays of photons in a chilly, humming lab, where just describing the experiment on a classical supercomputer would eat up all your memory and leave you begging for more. But with a quantum device, the solution emerges, not with brute force, but with quantum grace.

Yet, before you toss your laptop, let’s bring some perspective. Stanford’s 2025 Emerging Tech Review—hot off the presses—reminds us that most current quantum computers still live in the so-called NISQ era: Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum. These machines are delicate, vulnerable to stray magnetic fields, vibrations, even cosmic rays. Scaling is hard; commercial application

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The hum from the dilution refrigerators in the lab is soothing, a constant reminder that quantum mechanics never sleeps. Welcome to Advanced Quantum Deep Dives—I’m Leo, the Learning Enhanced Operator, and today we’re going straight to the heart of one of the most electrifying weeks quantum computing has seen in years.

Just four days ago, IBM made headlines around the world, announcing their roadmap to build the world’s first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer at their new IBM Quantum Data Center. This isn’t just a bigger chip or faster qubits—it’s about fundamentally redefining what’s possible in computational science. Why does this matter? Because fault tolerance is the holy grail of quantum computing. Until now, every quantum breakthrough has been haunted by error rates—like trying to build a skyscraper on quicksand. Fault tolerance promises a skyscraper that doesn’t sway in the quantum breeze. At the center of this push is IBM’s Quantum Loon chip, on track for release this year, featuring c-couplers that connect qubits at a distance. Imagine a web connecting each node of a city to every other, not just its next-door neighbors. That’s quantum entanglement at scale, and it’s as thrilling as watching a city light up at night.

This brings us to today’s most fascinating research paper—one that dropped just two days ago from Los Alamos National Laboratory, tackling what’s often called quantum computing’s “most troubling problem”: the barren plateau. Traditionally, optimizing a quantum system is like hiking through mountains and valleys: you want to find the lowest point, the global minimum. But in large quantum circuits, the landscape flattens—no valleys or peaks, just an endless plain. Algorithms wander, get lost, and progress halts. The Los Alamos team, led by Diego García-Martín, didn’t just theorize about the barren plateau; they showed convincingly that simulating large Gaussian bosonic circuits—a classically impossible task—was tractable on quantum machines. They proved these problems are BQP-complete: hard for classical computers but within easy reach for a quantum device. In simple terms, they’ve mapped out a problem that only quantum computers can solve efficiently, a direct demonstration of what we call “quantum advantage.”

What’s surprising—and I think you’ll love this—is the sheer scale of the simulation they tackled. Writing down a complete classical description of the system would require more memory and processing power than any conventional computer on Earth can muster. Yet a quantum computer handled it with elegance. It’s like watching someone solve a Rubik’s cube with a single twist, while a roomful of people labor over each move for days.

Stepping back, these breakthroughs feel eerily resonant with current events beyond our labs. Consider the global push for robust artificial intelligence governance, with nations essentially trying to build error correction into inte

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Welcome, fellow explorers, to Advanced Quantum Deep Dives. I’m Leo—Learning Enhanced Operator—your quantum computing confidant, here to guide you through today's most electrifying frontiers.

Let’s get right into the quantum current: It’s June 12th, 2025, and the quantum landscape is buzzing with both big bets and breathtaking breakthroughs. Just a week ago, the industry reeled from a surge of investment activity—stock prices soaring, venture capitalists doubling down, and the sense of impending quantum advantage more palpable than ever. But numbers alone don’t tell the story. Today, our story begins with a breakthrough paper that’s set the scientific world abuzz.

On June 4th, researchers published what I consider the most fascinating quantum experiment of the week: "Observation of String Breaking on a (2+1)D Rydberg Quantum Simulator." Now, don’t let the technical title push you away—what’s at stake here is nothing less than simulating the very fabric of our universe. Imagine, for a moment, that we could recreate, atom-by-atom, the hidden threads that bind the cosmos, and then watch as those threads—those "strings"—snap, reform, and dance, all under our command.

Here’s the drama: In particle physics, “string breaking” is a phenomenon typically observed in theories explaining the strong force, which holds atomic nuclei together. Replicating this in a quantum simulator is like building a miniature universe on your benchtop—a universe you can pause, rewind, scrutinize. The research team, working with reconfigurable Rydberg atom arrays, used lasers to arrange and entangle ultra-cold atoms into precise formations. When the simulated “force” tugged too hard between these atomic strings, the connection snapped—captured in real time, as if the laws of physics themselves were rewiring before our eyes.

Rydberg atoms are the stars here—highly excited, hypersensitive, and eerily obedient to laser manipulation. They’re the pianists of the quantum symphony, responsive to the lightest touch. The real magic? This experiment demonstrates that quantum simulators can now authentically mimic non-trivial quantum field theories—the kind that govern our universe at its most fundamental. For years, this was considered nearly impossible with classical computers due to mind-bending complexity. But with quantum simulators, we’re weaving fresh scientific tapestries, stitch by qubit-powered stitch.

Here’s the twist: The team didn’t just simulate string breaking—they actually observed the breaking process as a dynamic event in two spatial dimensions plus time. That may sound technical, but consider this: For the first time, we’ve peered into a quantum simulation where the “forces” between particles act and react in a plane—complexity squared. It’s like moving from finger painting to high-definition quantum art.

Now, a surprising fact for even the quantum veterans listening: This experiment pushes us closer to the fabled

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Hello and welcome to Advanced Quantum Deep Dives. I'm Leo, your quantum computing specialist, and today we're diving straight into some groundbreaking developments that have just been announced.

Just hours ago, IBM revealed their ambitious plan to build what they're calling the world's first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer. This isn't just another incremental step—it's a revolutionary leap forward on their quantum roadmap that could fundamentally transform computing as we know it.

Picture this: I'm sitting in my office, coffee in hand, when my screen lights up with IBM's announcement. Their new quantum innovation roadmap details a series of precisely engineered quantum processors, each named after birds. The first one coming is called "Loon," expected later this year. What makes Loon special is its architecture components for quantum low-density parity-check code, including something they're calling "C-couplers."

Now, I know what you're thinking—what on earth are C-couplers? Imagine trying to have a conversation across a crowded room. Normally, quantum bits or qubits can only "talk" to their immediate neighbors, like whispering to the person next to you. C-couplers are like quantum megaphones, allowing qubits to connect and entangle with others that are physically distant within the same chip. This is crucial for scaling quantum systems and achieving fault tolerance.

Following Loon, 2026 will bring us "Kookaburra," IBM's first modular processor designed to both store and process encoded quantum information. Think of it as combining quantum memory with logic operations—essentially creating the fundamental building blocks needed for scaling fault-tolerant systems beyond a single chip.

Then in 2027, they're planning "Cockatoo," which will entangle two Kookaburra modules using "L-couplers." This is where things get really interesting. Instead of building increasingly massive chips, they're creating a method to link quantum chips together like nodes in a larger system.

All of this is building toward their ultimate goal: a quantum computer they're calling "Starling," which will be their first fault-tolerant quantum computer. For those unfamiliar, fault tolerance is the holy grail of quantum computing—a system that can detect and correct errors that naturally occur in quantum states.

Here's a surprising fact that few people realize: today's quantum computers, while impressive, still operate in what we call the NISQ era—Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum. They're limited by errors that accumulate faster than they can perform calculations. A fault-tolerant machine would be the quantum equivalent of moving from vacuum tubes to microchips.

The timing couldn't be more significant. Just a few days ago, on June 7th, reports showed the quantum industry experiencing a surge of high-value investments, growing sales, and climbing stock prices in early 2025. Companies are betting big on quantum's

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