Dr Robert Petrarca explains urgent referrals and Geoff Roberson looks at the best practice for optometrists.

Stephen McPherson and Dr Nik Sheen look at the regional variation in schemes for referral in Scotland and Wales respectively.

Raymond Curren discusses the situation regarding referral routes in Northern Ireland.

Geoff Roberson uses the example of a cataract referral to clarify the concept of routine referral followed by a discussion of the Gloucestershire cataract referral scheme.

Simon Frankiewitz explains when referral for orthoptic assessment might be appropriate.

We discuss how primary open angle glaucoma is now referred via referral refinement schemes using the example of the scheme established with Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and how this has significantly improved accuracy of referral and resource usage.

Geoff Roberson summarises the essentials to bear in mind regarding documentation of any referral process.