These sources discuss magnetic force, explaining it as the interaction between moving electric charges or magnetic materials and magnetic fields. They cover the historical development of understanding magnetism and its relationship with electricity, including key figures and discoveries. The texts provide formulas for calculating magnetic force on both individual charges and current-carrying conductors, highlighting the vectorial nature of the force and its perpendicularity to velocity and magnetic field. Several sources also detail the Right and Left-Hand Rules for determining the direction of this force and offer practical examples and exercises related to these concepts and their application.

These sources discuss the fundamental connection between electricity and magnetism, explaining that moving electric charges, or electric currents, are the origin of magnetic fields. They detail how this relationship was experimentally confirmed by Hans Christian Oersted and led to the field of electromagnetism. The texts further explore the magnetic fields generated by various conductor configurations, including straight wires, circular loops (espiras), and solenoids, providing the relevant mathematical formulas and the right-hand rule to determine field direction. They also touch upon the properties of magnetic permeability and present practical examples and exercises related to these concepts.

These documents discuss magnetic fields in physics, exploring their fundamental nature and origin, emphasizing that they are linked to moving electric charges. Several sources cover the properties of magnetic field lines, noting they form closed loops and their density indicates field strength. The Earth's magnetic field is a significant topic, with details on its formation by the geodynamo theory in the Earth's core and its crucial role in deflecting solar particles, thus protecting the planet. The texts also include practice questions and mathematical formulas related to calculating magnetic force and field intensity in various scenarios, such as near current-carrying wires and within solenoids.