Afro Pop Remix

Topics: Black History Month, Chaka Khan, Car Wash (film), What's Happening! (TV). (Bonus Artist: hidingtobefound)

1976 1. Snap Shots 2. General News 3. Gerald Ford is President 4. Apr - Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. 5. Jul - In New York City, the "Son of Sam" pulls a gun from a paper bag, killing 1 and seriously wounding another, in the first of a series of attacks that terrorize the city for the next year. 6. Jul - U.S. track and field athlete Bruce Jenner (@ age 27) won the gold medal for decathlon, setting a world record of 8,634 points. 7. Nov - U.S. presidential election, 1976: Jimmy Carter defeats incumbent Gerald Ford, becoming the first candidate from the Deep South to win since the Civil War. 8. Misc.: VHS released, and eventually won the war with Betamax tapes, although most agree it was an inferior product. 9. Open Comments 10. Money Snapshots 11. Min. wage = $2.30hr (+.20) / $92wk / $4,600k yrly - 2018 = $20,408yrly 12. Avg. Income per year - $16,095 13. Avg. Cost of new house - $43,340 14. Avg. Rent - $220 15. Avg. Cost new car - $4,557 16. Unemployment 7.8% vs Black unemployment 12% 17. Open Comments 18. Black Snapshots 19. Jul - Sugar Ray Leonard (@ age 20), Leon Spinks (@ age 23), Michael Spinks (@ age 20) won gold medals in boxing. 20. Jul - Twenty-year-old Morehouse College student Edwin Moses sets a new world record in the 400m hurdles, 21. Aug - Roots: The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley (@ age 55) is published. in 1976. (Forty-six weeks on The New York Times Best Seller List, w/ twenty-two weeks at number one.) (TV mini-series already in production) 22. Open Comments 23. Music Snapshots 24. Record of the Year: "This Masquerade" - George Benson (artist) & Tommy LiPuma (producer) 25. Album of the Year: Songs in the Key of Life - Stevie Wonder (artist) & Stevie Wonder (producer) 26. Song of the Year: "I Write the Songs" - Bruce Johnston (songwriter) (for performed by Barry Manilow) 27. Best New Artist: Starland Vocal Band 28. Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1976 1. "Silly Love Songs", Wings 2. "Don't Go Breaking My Heart", Elton John & Kiki Dee 3. "Disco Lady", Johnnie Taylor 29. Open Comments 30. Movie Snapshots 31. Highest-grossing films 1. Rocky 2. To Fly! - *(Weird documentary film about the history of flight) 3. A Star Is Born 4. All the President's Men 32. Open Comments 33. TV Snapshots 34. To Shows 1. - Happy Days 2. - Laverne & Shirley 3. - M*A*S*H 35. Debuts: 36. Aug - What's Happening!! 37. Open Comments 38. Social Scene 39. What: Black History Month 40. Why: First year of national recognition 41. Key Person(s): Carter G. Woodson, the "father of black history" (d. 1950), historian, author, and journalist. 42. Short Story: 43. Started as Negro History Week (1926) 44. Woodson (@ age 51) announced the second week of February to be "Negro History Week" because it covered the birthdays of both Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. Woodson said teaching black history was essential to ensure physical and 45. intellectual survival. - "If a race has no history, it has no worthwhile tradition, it becomes a negligible factor in the thought of the world, and it stands in danger of being exterminated. The American Indian left no continuous record. He did not appreciate the value of 46. tradition; and where is he today? The Hebrew keenly appreciated the value of tradition, as is attested by the Bible itself. Despite worldwide persecution, therefore, he is a great factor in our civilization." 47. The push for Black History Month (1970 -76) 48. BHM was first proposed at Kent State University in February 1969. The first celebration happened in 1970. Six years later, President Gerald Ford recognized BHM during the Bicentennial celebration. - "[Americans should] seize the opportunity to honor the 49. too-often neglected accomplishments of black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history". 50. Open Comments 51. Question 1: Is BH "M" to

Topics: Urban Literature, Donald Goines and Iceberg Slim, Natalie Cole, Richard Pryor, Cooley High, The Jeffersons. (Bonus Artist: Luck Pacheco) 1975 A. General News B. Gerald Ford is President C. Apr - Vietnam War: The Fall of Saigon: The Vietnam War ends as Communist forces take Saigon, resulting in mass evacuations of Americans and South Vietnamese. As the capital is taken, South Vietnam surrenders unconditionally. D. Jul - Stanley Foreman takes the photo "Fire Escape Collapse." E. Sep - Ford survives 2 assassination attempts. Lynette Fromme, a follower of jailed cult leader Charles Manson, and Sara Jane Moore, a leftists sympathizer, are the only two women that have attempted to assassinate an American president; both of their attempts were on Gerald Ford and both took place in California within three weeks of one another. F. Nov - Former California Governor Ronald Reagan enters the race for the Republican presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford. G. Dec - United States Congress passes the Metric Conversion Act which declares, but does not mandate, that the metric system is "the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce". H. Misc Tech: Kodak developed "The Digital Camera" / Motorolla obtains patent for the first portable mobile phone / Bill Gates and Paul Allen develop a BASIC programming language for the Altair 8800 computer, trademark the name "Microsoft" (for microcomputer software), and the personal computer wave begins. I. The ring-tab beer (and soda) can design was discontinued in 1975, after injuries were caused by people swallowing the metal tabs. J. Open Comments: K. 1975 Min.wage = $2.10hr (+.10) / $84wk / $4,200k yrly - 2018 = $19,950yrly L. Avg. Income per year $14,100 M. Avg. House Price - $11,787 N. Avg. Cost of new house - $39,300 O. Avg. Cost new car - $4,250 P. Unemployment 9.2% vs Black unemployment 15.5% Q. Open Comments: 1. Top Pop Singles 2. 1 - "Love Will Keep Us Together", Captain & Tennille 3. 2 - "Rhinestone Cowboy", Glen Campbell 4. 3 - "Philadelphia Freedom", Elton John 5. Grammy Award winners 6. RotY: "Love Will Keep Us Together", Captain & Tennille 7. AotY: Still Crazy After All These Years, Paul Simon 8. SotY: "Send In the Clowns", Judy Collins 9. New Artist: Natalie Cole 10. Top Grossing Films 11. 1 - Jaws 12. 2 - The Rocky Horror Picture Show 13. 3 - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 14. Top TV Shows 15. 1 - All in the Family (first tv series to be #1, 5yrs in a row) 16. 2 - Rich Man, Poor Man (7-week mini-series) 17. 3 - Laverne & Shirley 18. TV Debuts 19. Jan - The Jefferson's, a spinoff of All in the Family, on CBS (1975–85) 20. Sep - Welcome Back, Kotter on ABC (1975–79) 21. Black Snapshots: 22. Jan - The Wiz opens on Broadway 23. Jan - The creation of the Church Committee was approved. Later that year, the media begins reporting that the FBI & CIA spied on citizens, many of them high profile African Americans; MLK, Malcom X, Black Panther leadership, etc. Senator Frank Church stated on NBC's "Meet the Press": "...If this government ever became a tyrant, if a dictator ever took charge in this country, the technological capacity that the intelligence community has given the government could enable it to impose total tyranny, and there would be no way to fight back because the most careful effort to combine together in resistance to the government, no matter how privately it was done, is within the reach of the government to know. Such is the capability of this technology." 24. Feb - Elijah Muhammad, the religious leader of the Nation of Islam dies. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan and Muhammad Ali, as well as his own son and successor, Wallace D. Mohammed, a.k.a., Warith D. Mohammed. Because of his personal studies and thinking, Warith led the majority of the original NOI to mainstream, traditional Sunni Islam by 1978. However, splinter groups resisting these changes formed, particularly under Louis Farrakhan, who in 1981 would revive the name Nation of Islam and claim direct continuity from the pre-1976 NOI. 25. Apr - In the pilot episode of Starsky and Hutch, Richard Ward plays an African-American supervisor of white American employees for the first time on TV. 26. July - Arthur Ashe wins Wimbledon 27. August - James Benton Parsons (64 yrs. old), the first African American to serve as a life tenured federal judge: Becomes the "Chief" Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. (Basically Chicago). Born in Kansas City, Missouri, raised in Decatur, Illinois. He was named "class orator" for Stephen Decatur High School class of 1929. He was on the basketball team, in the school band and orchestra. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Millikin University in 1934. 28. September – WGPR-TV, channel 62 in Detroit, becomes the first television station in the U.S. to be owned and operated by blacks. 29. September – The Muhammad Ali–Joe Frazier title fight from the Philippines (the "Thrilla in Manila") is sent via satellite to the U. S. and shown on HBO 30. September - Roxie Roker, mother to artist Lenny Kravitz, played Helen Willis on 'The Jefferson's'. She was part of the first interracial couple to appear on regular primetime television. 31. October - The premiere episode of Saturday Night Live is broadcast on NBC with OG cast member Garret Morris (Mr. Mason from Cooley High) and Billy Preston and Janis Ian the first musical guests. 32. ###The Social Scene: Urban Literature / Fiction / Art 33. Donald Goines, the 'Godfather of Urban Fiction.' (36yrs old): Criminal, drug addict, Author. From 1969 -1974 he published 16 novels that helped establish the genre. 34. Urban fiction working definition: Works of art set in urban America dealing with drugs, violence, and sex, involving African 35. American or Latino characters. The genre is also known as Street Fiction, Gangsta Lit, Ghetto Lit, or Hip-Hop Fiction. 36. Goines was born in Detroit, Michigan. His parents were a middle-class African-American couple that ran a laundry business. At 15 Goines lied about his age to join the Air Force, where he fought in the Korean War. During his stint in the armed forces, Goines developed an addiction to heroin that continued after his discharge from the military in the mid-1950s. To support his addiction, Goines turned to crime, this included pimping, and theft. He began writing while serving a sentence in Michigan's Jackson Penitentiary. Goines initially attempted to write westerns but decided to write urban fiction after reading Iceberg Slim's autobiography Pimp: The Story of My Life. 37. Goines continued to write novels at an accelerated pace to support his drug addictions, sixteen books in five years, with some books taking only a month to complete. His series about Kenyatta (under the name Al C. Clark) describes a black revolutionary, who campaigns against exploitation and evils of inner-city life. On October 21, 1974, Goines and his common-law wife were discovered dead in their Detroit apartment. The police had received an anonymous phone call and responded, discovering Goines in the living room of the apartment and his common-law wife Shirley Sailor's body in the kitchen. 38. Goines books are still popular, especially in the prison system. His books have gone on to sell millions of copies and have never been out of print, making him one of the most successful African-American authors in history. 39. His books have been utilized in several prison literacy programs and his novel "Dopefiend" (1971) has been taught in a Rutgers University class. 40. Other popular titles: Whoreson (1972), Black Gangster (1972), Street Players (1973), White Man's Justice, Black Man's Grief (1973), and Black Girl Lost (1974) 41. ***Question: has anyone read his books? 42. Donald's work was deeply influenced by Iceberg Slim. 43. In 1961, after serving 10 months of solitary confinement in a Cook County jail, Robert Maupin (a.k.a. Slim) decided he was too old for a life of pimping and was unable to compete with younger, more ruthless pimps. In an interview with the Washington Post, he said he retired "because I was old. I did not want to be teased, tormented and brutalized by young whores." 44. In 1967, he published two books; A memoir, "Pimp: The Story of My Life" and the novel "Trick Baby" 45. ***Question: has anyone read his books? 46. Iceberg and Donald's work made a HUGE impact on the youth growing up in the 70's and 80's. 47. "Pimp" inspired the screenplay for the 1973 film "The Mack", starring Max Julien and Richard Pryor. 48. Various other entertainers were also influenced by Goines and Slim: Dave Chappelle, Eddie Murphy, Chris Rock, Katt Williams, 49. Eddie Griffin, Ice-T, Ice Cube, Snoop Dogg, 2Pac, Ludacris, Nas, and Jay-Z, just to name a few. 50. Iceberg and Donald also proved that a commercial "Black" book market did exist. 51. A new "post" Hip-Hop revival of contemporary urban fiction happened at the end of the 1990s, as demand for novels authentically conveying the urban experience increased, and new business models enabled fledgling writers to more easily bring a manuscript to market and to libraries. 52. One of the first writers in this new cycle of urban fiction was Omar Tyree, who published the novel Flyy Girl. 53. The genre gained significant momentum in 1999 with Sister Souljah's bestseller The Coldest Winter Ever. Teri Woods's True to the Game was also published in 1999.The publishing of these three novels created a momentum of readership for urban fiction and carried that wave for years. All three books are considered classics in the renaissance of the genre. 54. Major writers of contemporary urban fiction include Wahida Clark, Vickie Stringer, Nikki Turner, Kole Black, K'wan, Toy Styles, Kwame Teague, and the writing duo Meesha Mink & De'Nesha Diamond. 55. ***Question: has anyone read any of these books? 56. The reach of urban fiction into a large youth readership is undeniable today, particularly among adolescent girls. 57. Critics and supporters are pleased that Black youth are reading. But some have mixed feelings about promoting literacy by any means necessary. "To some extent, there is an exposure to a part of urban culture that has rarely been explored in a way that it is now…which can be a starting point for civic dialogues," offers Tracey Michae'l Lewis, who teaches writing and literature at Community College of Philadelphia and Philadelphia University. "Unfortunately, we have to ask ourselves, 'What is this costing us?'" 58. Scholars have differing opinions on Urban Fiction. Some believe that it is low reading, like a trashy book, that is not of high quality. Those who believe this think that prisoners and adolescent should be reading more elevated works. 59. On the other hand, are scholars who say that African Americans appear to be reading street lit to find themselves and escape themselves at the same time. Some readers just enjoy losing themselves in portrayals of lavish lifestyles, racy sex and ride-or-die dramas of the streets, while others enjoy the genre for its reflective qualities. 60. [Contributing source: Debating Black "Street Lit," New Urban Fiction May 31, 2008 / Joe / African Americans, book review, urban] 61. ***Question: Is urban art (books/films/music) really and truly a problem? 62. ###The Music Scene 63. 6 - "Shining Star", Earth, Wind & Fire 64. 13 - "Lovin' You", Minnie Riperton 65. 14 - "Kung Fu Fighting", Carl Douglas 66. 18 - "He Don't Love You (Like I Love You)", Tony Orlando and Dawn 67. 20 - "Pick Up the Pieces", Average White Band 68. 21 - "The Hustle", Van McCoy & the Soul City Symphony 69. 22 - "Lady Marmalade", Labelle 70. 23 - "Why Can't We Be Friends", War 71. 24 - "Love Won't Let Me Wait", Major Harris 72. 25 - "Boogie On Reggae Woman", Stevie Wonder 73. 27 - "Fight the Power", The Isley Brothers 74. 30 - "Fire", Ohio Players 75. ***Vote: 76. Jan: Fire, The Ohio Players 77. Feb: Kung Fu Fighting and Other Great Love Songs, Carl Douglas 78. Feb: New and Improved, The Spinners 79. Feb: Do It ('Til You're Satisfied), B.T. Express 80. Mar: AWB, Average White Band 81. Mar: Al Green Explores Your Mind, Al Green 82. Apr: Perfect Angel, Minnie Ripperton 83. Apr: That's the Way of the World, Earth, Wind & Fire 84. May: A Song for You, The Temptations 85. May: To Be True, Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes 86. May: Mister Magic, Grover Washington, Jr. 87. May: Sun Goddess, Ramsey Lewis 88. May: Just Another Way to Say I Love You, Barry White 89. Jun: Survival, The O'Jays 90. Jul: Disco Baby, Van McCoy & the Soul City Symphony 91. Aug: The Heat Is On, The Isley Brothers 92. Aug: Chocolate Chip, Isaac Hayes 93. Aug: Cut the Cake, Average White Band 94. Aug: Why Can't We Be Friends?, War 95. Sep: Non-Stop, B.T. Express 96. Sep: Honey, The Ohio Players 97. Oct: ...Is It Something I Said?, Richard Pryor 98. Nov: Al Green Is Love, Al Green 99. Nov: KC and the Sunshine Band, KC and the Sunshine Band 100. Nov: Inseparable, Natalie Cole 101. Nov: Save Me, Silver Convention 102. Dec: Let's Do It Again, The Staple Singers 103. Dec: Feels So Good, Grover Washington, Jr. 104. Dec: Family Reunion, The O'Jays 105. ***Vote: 106. ###Key Artist: Natalie Maria Cole (25yrs old): singer-songwriter, actor, author, daughter of crooner Nat King Cole, nicknamed, "Sweetie" 107. Short-story: Born and raised in Los Angeles. Grew up immersed in the music scene of her parents. Even though she didn't plan on a singing career, she took a summer job singing with a band in 1972. Albums soon followed, as well as two Grammy Awards for her debut album, Inseparable (1975). After a bout with addiction, Cole returned in the 1990s with Unforgettable... with Love, featuring renditions of songs previously sung by her father. Cole died in 2015 at the age of 65. 108. Early Career: She met the writing and producing team of Chuck Jackson and Marvin Yancy in 1975. The duo helped Cole land a deal with Capitol Records and, later that year, create the album Inseparable. With hit songs such as "This Will Be (An Everlasting Love)," the album exploded onto the music scene, earning the young starlet her first two Grammy Awards—for best new artist and best female R&B performance. 109. Cole's career took flight: she turned out four gold and two platinum records / in 1979, a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame / Cole hit a lull in her career in the early 1980s due to her struggle with drug addiction / in 1991, she released Unforgettable... with Love. and won a Grammy for album of the year / in 2008, "Still Unforgettable" won another Grammy for best traditional pop vocal album. 110. Personal Life and Death: The death of her father, when she was 15 yrs. old, greatly affected her and put a strain on Cole's relationship with her mother. In her 2000 autobiography, Angel on my Shoulder, Cole exposed her depression and heavy drug use throughout her career. She began using in college. She overcame her addiction in

Topics: Black Women vis-a-vis White Women in the feminist community, Funk Music, Claudine (film), Good Times (TV show). (Bonus Artist: hidingtobefound)

1974

...fyi "Claudine" is free on Youtube: https://youtu.be/tJUiV9Pnwps

1. General News

1. Richard Nixon STILL President. but not for long.

1. Vietnam War: Wrapping up active combat.

1. Feb - Newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst kidnapped. 2 months later she participates in a bank robbery.

1. Apr - Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves breaks Babe Ruth's home run record

1. Jul - Watergate scandal: The House Judiciary Committee adopts 3 articles of impeachment, charging President Nixon with obstruction of justice, failure to uphold laws, and refusal to produce subpoenaed material.

1. Aug - Richard Nixon resigns as President of the United States. President Gerald Ford is sworn in. Ford later pardons Nixon for any crimes Nixon may have committed while in office.

1. Sep - Stuntman Evel Knievel fails in his attempt to rocket across the Snake River Canyon in Idaho.

1. Oct -The Rumble in the Jungle. Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman to regain the Heavyweight title, which had been stripped from him 7 years earlier.

1. 1974 minimum wage = $2hr/$80wk/$4kyrly - 2018 = $10.50/$420/$21k

1. Avg. House Price = $9,942

1. Avg. Annual Income = $13,9k

1. Avg. Monthly Rent = $185

1. Gallon of Gas = 42c

1. Dozen Eggs = 45c

1. 9% unemployment vs Black unemployment 15%

1. Open Comments:

1. Top Pop Singles:

1. "The Way We Were", Barbra Streisand

1. "Seasons in the Sun", Terry Jacks

1. "Love's Theme", Love Unlimited Orchestra

1. Grammy Awards for 1974

1. ROY: Olivia Newton-John, "I Honestly Love You"

1. AOY: Stevie Wonder, Fulfillingness' First Finale

1. SOY: "The Way We Were", Barbra Streisand

1. New Artist: Marvin Hamlisch

1. Top Grossing Movies

1. Blazing Saddles

1. The Towering Inferno

1. The Trial of Billy Jack

1. Top TV Shows

1. All in the Family

1. Sanford and Son

1. Chico and the Man

1. Debut Shows

1. Feb - Good Times (a spinoff of Maude) (1974–79)

1. Sep - That's My Mama (1974–1975)

1. Open Comments:

1. Black Snapshots

1. Gail Cobb (@24yrs), Black Washington D.C. police officer: The first U.S. woman police officer killed in the line of duty.

1. Maya Angelou: Gather Together in My Name, the second of seven autobiographies.

1. James Baldwin: If Beale Street Could Talk, a love story set in Harlem in the early 1970's.

1. Reader's Digest publishes the first excerpts from Roots in May and June. They said it was an epic work, "destined to become a classic of American literature."

1. Univ. of Penn publishes a study concluding IQ tests are biased towards whites

1. Cicely Tyson 2 Emmys for The Autobiography of Miss Jane.

1. Richard Pryor Emmy for Lily Tomlins TV

Topics: Dj Kool Herc, Gladys Knight, Stevie Wonder, Pam Grier, The Mack, & George Jefferson. (Bonus Artist: Luck Pacheco)

1. Snapshots 2. General News 3. Richard Nixon STILL President. 4. Vietnam War: year 18 of 19 5. The Paris Peace Accords, signed on January 27, 1973, effectively removed the U.S. from the conflict in Vietnam. 6. Deaths: 168 killed. Down from 641 in 1972 7. Nixon, on national TV, accepts responsibility, but not blame, for Watergate; (April 30). 8. Spiro T. Agnew resigns as Vice President and then pleads no contest to charges of evasion of income taxes while Governor of Maryland (Oct. 10). 9. Jan: Military draft ends 10. Jan: Roe v. Wade, SCOTUS ruled that a right to privacy extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion, but with some limits. 11. Apr: The World Trade Center 12. Economics: 13. Oct: OPEC embargo sets off an oil/energy crisis and starts the recession. 14. Unemployment: 4.9% / Black unemployment: 5.7 / minimum wage: still $1.60 ($64w, $3,200y, ~$19,800 in 2018) 15. Open Comments: 16. Sports: 17. Super Bowl: Miami d. Washington 18. World Series: Oakland A's d. NY Mets (4-3) 19. NBA Championship: New York d. LA Lakers 20. Pop Music: 21. Top radio singles: 22. #1 "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", Tony Orlando and Dawn 23. #2 "Bad, Bad Leroy Brown", Jim Croce 24. #3 "Killing Me Softly with His Song", Roberta Flack 25. 1973 Grammy Awards: 26. ROY, "Killing Me Softly with His Song," Roberta Flack 27. SOY, "Killing Me Softly with His Song," 28. AOY, Innervisions, Stevie Wonder 29. New Artist, Bette Midler 30. Open Comments: 31. Top Movies: 32. #1 The Sting 33. #2 The Exorcist 34. #3 American Graffiti 35. Top Television: 36. #1 All in the Family 37. #2 The Waltons 38. #3 Sanford and Son 39. Black Folks 40. Illinois 1st state to declare MLK Day 41. Alice Walker publishes 1st book 42. Red Foxx NAACP Entertainer of the Year 43. Open Comments: 44. Social/Political Scene: The Birth of a Hip-Hop Nation 45. Clive Campbell (@18yrs) - a.k.a. DJ Kool Herc (Hercules), founding father of hip hop. 46. It's summer time of 1973 in the Bronx NY. 47. In the recreation room at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, a HISTORIC party jumps off. - And hip hop is born! 48. Bio: Kool Herc was born and raised in Kingston, Jamaica, moved to NYC as a teen and started spinning records at parties with his dad's PA system. 49. He was deep into Reggae and he styled himself like a Jamaican "selector" (DJ) and did a lot of "toasting" (talking/chanting) over the instrumentals. 50. But his real genius was paying attention to the crowds. He said a lot of DJ's back then would put on a record and go smoke a cigarette. 51. He watched what got the crowd going and noticed hat it was the instrumental bridge, or drum breaks, that was hot with the dancers. 52. His SIGNATURE move and GROUNDBREAKING contribution was to use the two turntables of a regular DJ setup, NOT to switch between songs, BUT switch back and forth between the break beats and keep the crowds moving! 53. His homie, Coke La Rock, would get on the mic and do shout outs ("so and so is in the house!"), do call-and-response phrases (yes, yes, y'all - you don't stop, ...just throw your hands in the air), and do catchy "poems" (Hotel, motel, you don't tell, we won't 54. tell) 55. Herc had been working on it this new style for almost a year, but that summertime party in 73 was his breakout moment. 56. After that, the crowds got too big for the rec room and he started throwing jams in the park. Those crowds where bigger than some at the clubs and that's where all four elements of hip hop would really come together. (Dj'ing, MC'ing, dancing, and graffiti) 57. He got stabbed at a party just a few years later, and while he was sidelined, his 2 homies and "understudies" took over hip hop, Afrika Bambaataa and Grandmaster Flash! 58. Hip Hop basically started by presenting a party on wax. 59. Question: How has partying changed? (i.e., dancing, music, sex, drugs, socializing, violence, etc...) 60. Final thoughts: Kool Herc continues be an undervalued personality. He deserves WAY more credit. 61. Music Scene: 62. Pop Singles 63. #1 - Tony Orlando and Dawn, Tie A Yellow Ribbon 'Round The Ole Oak Tree 64. #3 - Roberta Flack, Killing Me Softly With His Song 65. #4 - Marvin Gaye, Let's Get It On 66. #8 - Billy Preston, Will It Go Round In Circles 67. #10 - Diana Ross, Touch Me In The Morning 68. #15 - Billy Paul, Me And Mrs. Jones 69. #17 - Dobie Gray, Drift Away 70. #19 - Stevie Wonder, You Are The Sunshine Of My Life 71. #21 - Isley Bros., That Lady 72. #22 - Sylvia, Pillow Talk 73. #26 - Stevie Wonder, Superstition 74. #32 - O'Jays, Love Train 75. #33 - Barry White, I'm Gonna Love You Just A Little More 76. Vote: 77. Jan - 360 Degrees of Billy Paul, Billy Paul 78. Feb -Talking Book, Stevie Wonder 79. Feb - The World Is a Ghetto, War 80. Apr - Wattstax: The Living Word, Soundtrack / Various artists 81. Apr - Neither One of Us, Gladys Knight & the Pips 82. May - Masterpiece, The Temptations 83. May - Spinners, The Spinners 84. Jun - Birth Day, New Birth 85. Jun - Call Me, Al Green 86. Jun - Live at the Sahara Tahoe, Isaac Hayes 87. Jul - I've Got So Much to Give, Barry White 88. Jul - Back to the World, Curtis Mayfield 89. Aug - Fresh, Sly and the Family Stone 90. Aug - Touch Me in the Morning, Diana Ross 91. Sep - Innervisions, Stevie Wonder 92. Sep - Deliver the Word, War 93. Sep - Let's Get It On, Marvin Gaye 94. Dec - Imagination, Gladys Knight & the Pips 95. Key Artist: Gladys Maria Knight, aka The Empress of Soul (@29): Singer, song writer, actress. 96. Born and raised in ATL 97. Started touring with the Pips at 16yrs old, signed with Motown at 22, and started dropping hits: 98. "Every Beat of My Heart/I Heard It Through the Grapevine/If I Were Your Woman 99. In 1973 she left Motown (Former Motown artists where EVERYWHERE) and blew up! 100. They landed 4 straight #1 Soul Lps between 1973 and 1974 101. Neither One of Us/Imagination/Claudine/I Feel a Song 102. Gladys will tell you that Diana Ross, kicked her off a tour once because the crowds were feeling her more and that The Boss felt overshadowed. 103. Some people called her the true successor to Aretha. 104. Question: What was Glady's biggest hurdle: Too nice, Diana, song material, or a CRAZY personal life? (4 marriages, custody battles, legal issues with the Pips, child kidnapped, or the Mormons? 105. Key Artist: Stevland Hardaway Morris (@23yrsold), aka Stevie Wonder: Musical Genius 106. Born in Michigan, raised in Detroit 107. Started getting down with Motown in 1961 at 11yrs old and rose to fame FAST! 108. Fingertips/Uptight (everything's Alright/Sign, Sealed, Delivered/My Cherie Amour 109. In 1971, he let his Motown contract expire, muscled his way to a bigger royalty, got more creative independence, and proceeded to change the history of pop music. 110. His next 3 releases each won album of the year! - a first for an RnB act. 111. Partly influenced by his Motown homie Marvin Gaye and his album "what's Going On", (and to some degree his FRIENDS the Beatles!) he consciously changed up his style. 112. "We as a people are not interested in 'baby, baby' songs anymore," he said back then. "There's more to life than that. 113. Innervisions (16th studio LP) was where he stopped being merely a "boy" genius. 114. "It is the album that best celebrates his musical maturity and completes the transition from Little Stevie Wonder to the grown-up artist with an active imagination and burning social conscience. Coming just nine months after Talking Book, Innervisions is Wonder at 115. the absolute peak of his powers, a 23-year-old man with the world at his fingertips." - BBC Review 116. Question: Bigger impact, Stevie or James? (Writing, singing, performing, musician) 117. Conclusion: IMHO, Stevie is the most important black artist ever. 118. Movies 119. Key Actor: Pamela Suzette Grier (@24yrs old); Actress, author, superstar girlfriend 120. Born in North KakalaKa and raised as an Air Force kid 121. The family settled in Denver and she went to East High School - Genina's alma mater 122. She started competing in state wide beauty contests and that led to her moving to LA to pursue acting at 18 123. In 1971, at 22, she made her movie debut in Big Doll House. 124. She did a few more "women in cages" movies and broke out in 1973 with Coffy! 125. "The baddest one-chick hit-squad that ever-hit town!" 126. In 1974, she delivered her iconic performance as Foxy Brown 127. A gun toting prostitute out for revenge 128. This solidified her as really the first female action hero. 129. It also, stigmatized her acting career, as she basically got limited to Blaxploitation roles 130. However, she still received props for her acting skills in those roles. 131. "What makes Coffy interesting is Miss Grier...she's' beautiful, but also has a kind of physical life to her that is sometimes missing in beautiful actresses...she gets into an action role and does it right." - film critic, Roger Ebert 132. Question: where have the female black action heroines gone? 133. Key Movie: The Mack 134. Question: What was that?!?!?! 135. Television: 136. Key Character: George Jefferson, Dry cleaning Business owner 137. Played by Sherman Hemsley (@35): born and raised in Philly 138. High school dropout and former Air force 139. went to NYC and got regular work as a Broadway actor 140. In 1971 (@33) he flashed on Broadway and caught the attention of the producer for "All in The Family" (sorta like Redd Foxx) 141. In 1973 he debuted on the show as Archie's "opinionated, rude, bigoted, scheming neighbor. 142. Always trying to move "to a deluxe apartment in the sky"! 143. But, he was also a loving and hard-working family man, who was cleverer than Archie. 144. Sherman himself was shy and very private. 145. Never married and no kids. 146. He said playing George Jefferson "was hard for me. But he was the character. I had to do it." 147. Question: Was GJ a positive or negative character? 148. Schoolhouse Rock! Animated musical educational short films. 149. Aired from 1973 to 1985 (12 Yrs.) 150. 64 -3m episodes 151. Topics covered: Math, grammar, American history, and science. 152. The creator noticed one of his sons was having trouble remembering the multiplication tables, BUT the kid knew all the lyrics to the current rock songs. 153. The goal was to educate through videos, motivate kids with music, and convince them learning is fun. 154. Question: What are some of your favorite SHR episodes? 155. Conclusion: No doubt, for a generation of kids, every Saturday morning, SHR put it DOWN! 156. Wrap Up 157. Question: What had the biggest impact from 1973?

Topics: Shirley Anita Chisholm, H. Rap Brown, Diana Ross, Al Green, Superfly, Sanford & Son, & Fat Albert. (Bonus Artist: hidingtobefound)

1. 1972 - A Transitional Year, New Directions, Politics and Pimpin 2. News snapshots 3. Nixon wins reelection 4. Watergate: 5 dudes arrested for breaking into the DNC headquarters 5. Vietnam War: year 17 of 19 6. Deaths: 641 down from 2357 in 1971 7. June29 - SCOTUS rules death penalty unconstitutional 8. Economic snapshots 9. Black unemployment is 9.9%. highest since great depression. 10. 31% black families headed by women 11. Minimum wage: 12. Sports snapshots 13. Super Bowl: Dallas def. Miami 14. World Series: Oakland A's def. Cincinnati (4-3) 15. NBA Championship: LA Lakers def. New York 16. Science snapshots 17. CAT scanning, compact disks, electronic mail, and Prozac are developed. 18. Apollo XVII, the last manned moon landing to date 19. Entertainment snapshots 20. Time Inc. drops HBO, the first pay cable network. 21. Atari breaks out Pong, the first arcade video game. (home version in 1974) 22. Women dominate the Grammy Awards, grabbing the big 4. Carole King won Record, Album and Song of the Year, while Carly Simon won Best New Artist. 23. Music (top selling albums): #3. Fragile by Yes, #2. American Pie by Don McLean, #1. Harvest by Neil Young / just an fyi, #13. Led Zeppelin IV 24. Movies (top grossing): #3. What's up Doc, #2. The Poseidon Adventure, #1. The Godfather 25. Television: #3. Hawaii Five-O, #2. Sanford and Son*, #1. All in the Family 26. Black snapshots 27. Mahalia Jackson and Jackie Robinson pass away 28. NYC graffiti breaks out. it's one of the 4 pillars of hip-hop 29. MJ (@14) goes solo: hits w/ Ben 30. Cicely Tyson (@48) stars in Sounder: Box office hit. Proving that the black audience will take, a non 'super black' exploitation movie seriously. 31. QUESTION: What pops out for you? 32. Socio-political (1st major shift to a new direction, political power) 33. Shirley Anita Chisholm, (@ 47): politician, educator, and author of "Unbought and Unbossed! -1970 autobiographies. 34. in 1972, she became the first black person EVER to run for POTUS AND the first woman to run for the Democrats. 35. Already, in 1968, she was the first black woman elected to Congress. 36. Her campaign was underfunded, dismissed as a symbolic, & basically ignored by the power structure. 37. And she was not instantly a heroine for black people. 38. Of course, black male colleagues showed little love: "When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for president, I met more discrimination as a woman than for being black. Men are men.... They think I am trying to take power from them. The black man must step 39. forward, but that doesn't mean the black woman must step back." 40. QUESTION: Is this the real reason more black women haven't run? (only other black woman was Carol Moseley Braun from Il in 2004) 41. About her legacy, she said, "I want to be remembered as a woman … who dared to be a catalyst of change." (Obama?) 42. Famous Quotes: 43. "Tremendous amounts of talent are lost to our society just because that talent wears a skirt." 44. "The emotional, sexual, and psychological stereotyping of females begins when the doctor says, 'It's a girl'." 45. "In the end, anti-black, anti-female, and all forms of discrimination are equivalent to the same thing - anti-humanism." 46. Conclusion: In our lifetime we saw THE MOST successful path for black advancement. Politics. Only 36 years from Shirley to Obama. 47. Shirley Chisholm was an underappreciated legend and icon. 48. Other Comments? 49. Meanwhile...the Black Power Movement is falling apart! (2nd major shift) 50. 1971-1972 the Panthers split into different camps. Huey vs Eldrigdge 51. They went "Hatfield vs McCoy" and started retaliatory assassinations. 52. H. Rap Brown (@ 29), is the latest high-profile BPM figure to fall. 53. Others include: Angela Davis, Assata Shakur, Elaine Brown, Eldridge Cleaver, Fred Hampton, Huey P. Newton, Stokely Carmichael, and Bobby Seale 54. H Rap Brown sentenced for an attack on a New York City bar?!?! 55. Currently serving a life sentence for murder after shooting of two Sheriff's deputies in 2000. 56. He was known for taking over SNCC after Stokely and his autobiography, Die Nigger Die! 57. Probably most famous for saying, "violence is as American as cherry pie" -and- "If America don't come around, we're gonna burn it down." 58. QUESTION: Was the decline of the BPM more internal (reliance on the gun and violence), external (black people lost interest) -OR- did black people choose to go the "integration" route? 59. Conclusion: The BPM had a great message: Pride, Self-reliance, and education. But, I think they were too extreme. 60. Other Comments: 61. Music: 1972 Top Singles #1 Roberta Flack The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face #2 Gilbert O'Sullivan Alone Again (Naturally) #3 Don McLean American Pie #4 Nilsson Without You #5 Sammy Davis Jr. Candy Man #6 Joe Tex I Gotcha #7 Bill Withers Lean On Me #8 Mac Davis Baby Don't Get Hooked On Me #9 Melanie Brand New Key #10 Wayne Newton Daddy Dont You Walk So Fast #11 Al Green Let's Stay Together #12 Looking Glass Brandy (You're A Fine Girl) #13 Chi-Lites Oh Girl #14 Gallery Nice To Be With You #15 Chuck Berry My Ding-A-Ling #16 Luther Ingram If Loving You Is Wrong I Don't Want To Be Right #17 Neil Young Heart Of Gold #18 Stylistics Betcha By Golly, Wow #19 Staple Singers I'll Take You There #20 Michael Jackson Ben #21 Robert John The Lion Sleeps Tonight #22 Billy Preston Outa-space #23 War Slippin' Into Darkness #24 Hollies Long Cool Woman (In A Black Dress) #25 Mouth and MacNeal How Do You Do #26 Neil Diamond Song Sung Blue #27 America A Horse With No Name #28 Hot Butter Popcorn #29 Main Ingredient Everybody Plays The Fool #30 Climax Precious And Few 62. Vote: Best Single, __________________________________ 63. 1972 Albums 64. Jan - There's a Riot Going' On - Sly & the Family Stone 65. Jan - Black Moses - Isaac Hayes 66. Mar - Solid Rock - The Temptations 67. Mar - Let's Stay Together - Al Green 68. May - First Take - Roberta Flack 69. Jun - A Lonely Man - The Chi-Lites 70. Jul - Still Bill - Bill Withers 71. Oct - Super Fly Soundtrack - Curtis Mayfield 72. Nov - All Directions - The Temptations 73. Dec - I'm Still In Love With You - Al Green 74. Vote: Best Album, __________________________________ 75. Key Artist - Diana Ross (@28): Singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. Born and raised in Detroit. 76. Became famous as the lead singer the Supremes, the best charting girl group in history. With twelve number-one hit singles. ("Where Did Our Love Go", "Baby Love", "Come See About Me", "Stop! In the Name of Love", "You Can't Hurry Love", "You Keep Me 77. Hangin' On", "Love Child", and "Someday We'll Be Together", etc...) 78. The movie dream girls was inspired by the group 79. She also did a few big films: Lady Sings the Blues, Mahogany, The Wiz, etc... 80. Question: Here's my problem with The Boss. Mary Wilson was the heart and soul of the Supremes. Florence Ballard was the best singer. Diana was what? 81. Conclusion: The Supremes were deliberately glamorous, because Gordy wanted all of Motown to be crossover artists. Beyonce has real game, I'm not convinced Diana wasn't just hyped up. 82. Other Comments: 83. Key Artist - Al Green (@26): singer, songwriter and record produce. Born in AR, grew up in Michigan, discovered in Memphis. 84. Kicked out of the house when his very religious daddy caught him listening to Jackie Wilson. 85. Quote: "I also listened to Mahalia Jackson, all the great gospel singers. But the most important music to me was those hip-shaking' boys: Wilson Pickett and Elvis Presley. I just loved Elvis Presley. Whatever he got, I went out and bought." 86. Started out in 1967, flashed in 1971 with the album, "Al Green Gets Next to You", PEAKED in 1972 with 2 albums - "Let's Stay Together" & "I'm Still in Love with You", and capped 1973 with the lp "Call Me", a critically acclaimed "Masterpiece!" 87. Basically, everything we love about Al was dropped in that 3-year window. 88. 1974 he was born again 89. Soon after that his "girlfriend" dumped boiling grits on him in the bathtub before shooting and killing herself. (with his gun!?) 90. By 1976, he was ready to go gospel. 91. His longtime producer, Willie Mitchell (the guy who discovered him and crafted his music), passed on doing gospel music. (Bounced check story) 92. 1977, he dropped "The Belle Album", his 12th. Rolling Stone magazine said, "We may someday look back on The Belle Album as Al Green's best" 93. Question: Just an observation really. This is the 3rd major shift in 1972. Al didn't make political or activist music. Some said he was the last great "Soul Man". In 1971 Marvin asked, what's going on. During 1972, in the middle of war protests, Watergate, an 94. election, civil rights protests, the Panthers shooting up the streets, Al Green made LOVE ok again. 95. Other Comments: 96. Vote: Key Artists, ________________________________ 97. Movies 98. Lady Sings the Blues: Based on Lady Sings the Blues by Billie Holiday 99. Starring: Diana Ross (@28), Billy Dee Williams (@35), Richard Pryor (@32) 100. Blacula: important because it was a successful black horror film 101. Buck and the Preacher: important for casting blacks as leads in a western and was the first film Sidney Poitier directed 102. Super Fly: 4th Major shift (The streets are talking) 103. Priest is done with the clothes, the cars, the drugs, the money, and the white women. 104. But, his partner, Eddie isn't. 105. Quote (Eddie talking to Priest): "You're gonna give all this up? 8-Track Stereo, color T.V. in every room, and can snort a half a piece of dope everyday? That's the American Dream, nigga! Well, ain't it? Ain't it?" 106. Curtis Mayfield (@30) wrote and produced the AMAZING soundtrack. 107. Starring: Ron O'Neal (@35), Carl Lee (@46), Sheila Frazier (@24) 108. At the time of its release, lots of black folks didn't like what Super Fly was representing. 109. Quote from the Hollywood NAACP branch: "we must insist that our children are not exposed to a steady diet of so-called black movies that glorify black males as pimps, dope pushers, gangsters, and super males." 110. The filmmakers (White producer / black director) say they wanted to show the negative and empty aspects of the drug subculture. 111. Regardless, Super Fly landed BIG TIME with the "post-Civil Rights" generation. 112. They thought Eddie spoke the gospel. 113. Quote (Eddie talking to Priest): " I know it's a rotten game, but it's the only one The Man left us to play. That's the stone, cold truth." 114. Question: Ultimately, what is the legacy of Superfly? 115. Conclusion: I really enjoyed the movie. However, it blatantly dismissed the BPM, and spoke directly to the criminal elements in the black community. This movie, along with the "Urban" writers, Donald Goines and Iceberg Slim, helped spawn a generation 116. of criminals. That can't be a good thing. 117. Other comments: 118. Vote: Key movie, ____________________________________ 119. Television 120. Jan - Sanford and Son debuts on NBC (6 seasons) 121. Groundbreaking: 1st "Black" cast sit-com on the air...at least 2yrs before: That's My Mama ('74), Good Times ('74), The Jeffersons ('75), and What's Happening!!('76) 122. Theme music by Quincy Jones (@39) 123. Starring: Redd Foxx (@50), and Demond Wilson (@26) 124. Foxx was born in St. Louis, raised in Chicago, and ran the streets with pre-Muslim Malcolm X back in the day. 125. He came up performing raunchy comedy and developed a cult following in the 50's and 60's. 126. In 1970 he flashed in the comedy movie "Cotton Comes to Harlem" and the producer of All in the Family hit him up. 127. Question: Is Lamont crazy? Quote: "MLK left black people hooked on economic dependence and Sanford and Son taught entrepreneurship" 128. Conclusion: Undeniably funny. Redd had the respect and help from some of the best young comics in the business, black and white. Classic! 129. Other Comments: 130. Sep - Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (8 seasons) 131. Fat Albert first popped up in 1967 during Cosby's stand-up comedy routine "Buck Buck," 132. Starring: Bill Cosby (@35) 133. Born and raised in Philly. High school drop-out. Got his G.E.D. and went to Temple Univ. on a scholarship. While bartending, he discovered his comedy talent. 134. He dropped out of college and mastered crossover comedy in the early sixties. 135. In 1965 he broke out in the hit tv series I-Spy and by 1970 he was America's top Black comic. 136. He went back to college in 1970 and got involved with PBS and the Electric Company. 137. During this time, he cooked up "Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids" 138. It was based on his childhood friends and every show had an educational lesson in it. 139. A lot of times the crew would end the show playing a song in the neighborhood junkyard. 140. Question: Frankly, did the sex scandal undermine his whole career? 141. Conclusion: I used to really like Bill. 142. Other comments: 143. Vote: Television, ___________________________________ 144. Vote: 1972 Biggest Shadow, __________________________

Topics: The Black Church, Jessie Jackson, Marvin Gaye, Aretha Franklin, Shaft, & Soul Train. (Bonus Artist: Luck Pacheco)

1971 Overview Snapshots 1. Richard Nixon still President 2. Vietnam War still going: (year 16 of 19) 3. Deaths: 2,357 of 58,318 total 4. Congressional Black Caucus created 5. Soledad Brothers (California) and Attica (New York) prison riots 6. The Supreme Court rules unanimously that busing of students may be ordered to achieve racial desegregation. 7. Maya Angelou's, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Nikki Giovanni all publish books 8. Beverly Johnson is the first black woman to appear on the cover of a major fashion magazine (Glamour). 9. QUESTION: Because schools are socializing and educational institutions, did busing "undercut" black identity and intellect or help us get along better in a diverse world and learn more? Jesse Louis Jackson Sr.: Civil rights activist, Baptist minister, and politician from Greenville, South Carolina, U.S. 10. Breakout Year: The "Black Expo" in Chicago, attend by 800,000+, to encourage black business and he organizes People United to Save Humanity (P.U.S.H.) 11. FYI: Graduate from University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 12. Started working for Martin Luther King Jr. in 1965 13. Jackson participated in the Selma to Montgomery marches. 14. Became known for commanding public attention since he first started with MLK. 15. MLK was impressed by JJ's drive and organizational abilities but was also concerned about his ambition and attention-seeking. 16. 1971 he grabs the MLK legacy and becomes the de facto face of the "Black Church". 17. QUESTION: I appreciate Jessie, but why don't I trust him? The Black Church: Always in the Mix. (JJ 18. The phrase "black church" refers to Protestant churches that minister to predominantly black congregations. 19. Segregationist discouraged and often prevented blacks from worshiping with whites. 20. This created culturally distinct communities and worship practices that incorporated African spiritual traditions. 21. Gradually, slaves developed their own interpretations of the Scriptures. Finding inspiration in stories of oppression and deliverance like Moses vs. Pharaoh. 22. Question: First image that comes to mind? 23. Key event: Philadelphia, PA 1787 – Birth of the "Black Church": Richard Allen founded the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME). The first fully independent black denomination. 24. The AME church put a high premium on education, tended to attract the middle class, and produce black leadership. 25. After the Civil War, "Baptists" grew rapidly, due primarily to a more independent governing structure. 26. Baptist churches are governed locally, by the congregation. 27. Major Difference Between Methodist and Baptist: The Method of Baptism [Pentecostals require additional reading] 28. Who: Methodists baptize infants. Baptists only baptizes those capable of understanding. 29. How: Methodists baptize with immersion, sprinkling, and pouring. Baptists only with immersion. 30. Question: Any special memories about you or someone else being baptized? The Civil Rights Period: The Baptist "Come Up" 31. Black churches were the heart and soul: acting as information hubs and centers of solidarity, while also providing leadership, organizational manpower, and moral guidance during this period. 32. Notable minister-activists: Martin Luther King, Jr. - Baptists (Atlanta, GA), Ralph David Abernathy - Baptist (Linden, AL), Bernard Lee - Baptist (Norfolk, VA), Fred Shuttlesworth - Baptist (Mount Meigs, AL), Wyatt Tee Walker - Baptists (Brockton, MA), C. T. Vivian - Baptist (Boonville, MO) *Obama awarded him The P.M.o.H. in 2013. Practices 33. Main features: African ritual, slave emotionalism, and speaking/story-telling eloquence. 34. Services: devotional prayer, singing by the congregation and choir, and the minister's sermon. 35. Many ministers use drama, poetry, and the "call and response" tradition to connect with and energize the congregation. Question: Have you ever visited a "white" church and felt the difference? Politics and social issues 36. Tendency to focus more on social issues. (poverty, gang violence, drug use, prison ministries, racism, etc.) 37. Generally, more socially conservative [i.e., same-sex marriage, LGBT issues, women's rights, etc.] Present Day: Quick facts (Pew Research Center's 2014 Religious Landscape Study) 38. Roughly eight-in-ten (79%) Blacks self-identify as Christian. 39. The share of African Americans who identify as religiously "unaffiliated" has increased in recent years, mirroring national trends. 40. This shift may help explain the popularity of non-church led activism, such as Black Lives Matter, Contributions of the Black Church 41. The church has housed and fed the poor, assisted with psychologically negative and destructive habits, helped others overcome social and economic oppression, provided leadership development, supported the black family structure, acted as a social network and liaison for businesses, educated youths and adults, mentored "at risk" youth, provided job development skills, offered scholarships, built recreation centers, provided prison aftercare and drug prevention programs, and many other things. 42. Functioned as a primary repository for "Black Culture", housing much of our history and traditions. Conclusion: 43. Historically, the Black Church has been a major agent for socioeconomic and religious empowerment since the post-slavery era. 44. It has acted as a reliable ally and sanctuary to the black community. Question: Will the Black Church be as vital to the next generation? Economics 45. Unemployment Rate = 5.8% / Minimum Wage = $1.60, up .15c ($64w, $3,200y, ~$19,800 in 2018) Music 46. Top Singles for the entire year of 1971 (Source: http://billboardtop100of.com/1971-2/) (*) = Black Artists / (it took 40 songs to get 10 black artists) -1 Three Dog Night: Joy To The World -2 Rod Stewart: Maggie May / (Find A) Reason To Believe -3 Carole King: It's Too Late / I Feel The Earth Move -4 Osmonds: One Bad Apple -5 Bee Gees: How Can You Mend A Broken Heart -6 Raiders: Indian Reservation -7 Donny Osmond: Go Away Little Girl -8 John Denver: Take Me Home, Country Roads -9(1) Temptations: Just My Imagination (Running Away With Me) -10 Dawn: Knock Three Times -11 Janis Joplin: Me And Bobby McGee -12(2) Al Green: Tired Of Being Alone -13(3) Honey Cone: Want Ads -14(4) Undisputed Truth: Smiling Faces Sometimes -15(5) Cornelius Brothers and Sister Rose: Treat Her Like A Lady -16 James Taylor: You've Got A Friend -17(6) Jean Knight: Mr. Big Stuff -18 Rolling Stones: Brown Sugar -19 Lee Michaels: Do You Know What I Mean -20 Joan Baez: The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down -21(7) Marvin Gaye: What's Going On -22 Paul and Linda McCartney: Uncle Albert-Admiral Halsey -23(8) Bill Withers: Ain't No Sunshine -24 Five Man Electrical Band: Signs -25 Tom Jones: She's A Lady -26 Murray Head and The Trinidad Singers: Superstar -27(9) Free Movement: I Found Someone Of My Own -28 Jerry Reed: Amos Moses -29 Grass Roots: Temptation Eyes -30 Carpenters: Superstar -31 George Harrison: My Sweet Lord / Isn't It A Pity -32 Donny Osmond: Sweet And Innocent -33 Ocean: Put Your Hand In The Hand -34 Daddy Dewdrop: Chick-a-boom -35 Carpenters: For All We Know -36 Sammi Smith: Help Me Make It Through The Night -37 Carpenters: Rainy Days And Mondays -38 Gordon Lightfoot: If You Could Read My Mind -40(10) Jackson 5: Never Can Say Goodbye 47. Question: Best Single? Top Albums 48. Jan - ...To Be Continued, Isaac Hayes 49. Feb - Curtis, Curtis Mayfield 50. Apr - Live in Cook County Jail, B.B. King 51. May - Maybe Tomorrow, The Jackson 5 52. Jun - Aretha Live at Fillmore West, Aretha Franklin 53. Jul - What's Going On, Marvin Gaye 54. Jul - Shaft Soundtrack, Isaac Hayes 55. Question: Best album? Key Artists 56. Marvin Gaye: American singer, songwriter and record producer. Gaye helped to shape the sound of Motown in the 1960s, first as an in-house session player and later as a solo artist with a string of hits, including "Ain't That Peculiar", "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)" and "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", and duet recordings with Mary Wells, Kim Weston, Diana Rossand Tammi Terrell, later earning the titles "Prince of Motown" and "Prince of Soul". 57. During the 1970s, he recorded the albums What's Going On and Let's Get It On and became one of the first artists in Motown (joint with Stevie Wonder) to break away from the reins of a production company. His later recordings influenced several contemporary R&B subgenres, such as quiet storm and neo soul. Following a period in Europe as a tax exile in the early 1980s, he released the 1982 Grammy Award-winning hit "Sexual Healing" and its parent album Midnight Love. 58. Aretha Louise Franklin: American singer and songwriter. Franklin began her career as a child singing gospel at New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, where her father, C. L. Franklin, was minister. In 1960, at the age of 18, she embarked on a secular career. 59. In 1967, Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with songs such as "Respect", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman", "Spanish Harlem" and "Think". 60. By the end of the 1960s decade she had gained the title "The Queen of Soul". 61. Franklin eventually became the most charted female artist in the history. 62. Franklin has won a total of 18 Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling musical artists of all time, having sold over 75 million records worldwide. Franklin has been honored throughout her career including a 1987 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in which she became the first female performer to be inducted. She was inducted to the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In August 2012, Franklin was inducted into the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Franklin is listed in at least two all-time lists on Rolling Stone magazine, including the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time; and the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. African-American Cinema 63. Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song is a 1971 American independent action thriller film written, co-produced, scored, edited, directed by and starring Melvin Van Peebles. His son Mario Van Peebles also appears in a small role, playing the title character as a young boy. It tells the picaresque story of a poor black man on his flight from the white authority. 64. Van Peebles began to develop the film after being offered a three-picture contract for Columbia Pictures. No studio would finance the film, so Van Peebles funded the film himself, shooting it independently over a period of 19 days, performing all of his own stunts and appearing in several sex scenes, reportedly unsimulated. He received a $50,000 loan from Bill Cosby to complete the project. The film's fast-paced montages and jump-cuts were unique features in American cinema at the time. The picture was censored in some markets and received mixed critical reviews. However, it has left a lasting impression on African-American cinema. 65. The musical score of Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song was performed by Earth, Wind & Fire. Van Peebles did not have any money for traditional advertising methods, so he released the soundtrack album prior to the film's release to generate publicity. Huey P. Newton celebrated and welcomed the film's revolutionary implications, and Sweetback became required viewing for members of the Black Panther Party. According to Variety, it demonstrated to Hollywood that films which portrayed "militant" blacks could be highly profitable, leading to the creation of the blaxploitation genre, although critic Roger Ebert did not consider this example of Van Peebles' work to be an exploitation film. 66. Release date: April 23, 1971 / Budget: $150k (~920k today) / Gross: $4.1m (~25m today) 67. Shaft is a 1971 American blaxploitation action-crime film directed by Gordon Parks and written by Ernest Tidyman and John D. F. Black. The film revolves around a private detective named John Shaft who is hired by a Harlem mobster to rescue his daughter from the Italian mobsters who kidnapped her. The film stars Richard Roundtree as John Shaft, Moses Gunn as Bumpy Jonas, Charles Cioffi as Vic Androzzi, and Christopher St. John as Ben Buford. The major themes present in Shaft are the Black Power movement, race, masculinity, and sexuality. It was filmed within the New York City borough of Manhattan, specifically in Harlem, Greenwich Village, and Times Square. 68. Shaft was one of the first blaxploitation films, and one of the most popular, which "marked a turning point for this type of film and spawned a number of sequels and knockoffs." The Shaft soundtrack album, recorded by Isaac Hayes, was also a success, winning a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture; and a second Grammy that he shared with Johnny Allen for Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement; Grammy Award for Best Original Score; the "Theme from Shaft" won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and has appeared on multiple Top 100 lists, including AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs. Widely considered a prime example of the blaxploitation genre. Shaft was selected in 2000 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." 69. Release date: July 2, 1971 / Budget: 500k (~3m today) / Gross: $13m (~80m today) 70. The film was one of only three profitable movies that year for MGM, 71. It not only spawned several years of "blaxploitation" action films, it earned enough money to save then-struggling MGM from bankruptcy Television: 72. Soul Train is an

Topics: Black Power Movement, Muhammad Ali, Angela Davis, James Brown, Sidney Poitier, and Flip Wilson. (Bonus Artists: hidingtobefound & Luck Pacheco)

1970

1. Snapshots
2. MLK birthday celebrated in many states
3. Toni Morrison's 1st novel, "The Bluest Eye"
4. Black Enterprise and Essence start
5. Jimi Hendricks dies
6. Cheryl Adrienne Brown (Miss Iowa) 1st black to compete in Miss America

1. Social/Political Key Development:

Part 1: Black Power Movement

1. The Black Power Movement focused on racial pride, self-sufficiency, and equality for all people of Black and African descent.
2. It was led by a generation of black activists who had participated the Civil Rights movement.
3. By the mid-1960s, a split developed among those activists and many no longer saw nonviolent protests as a viable way of combatting racism.
4. Major turning point: The Watts riots, a 5 day "War" in 1965, that took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles. Dead‎: ‎34 / Injured‎: ‎1,032
5. New organizations (the Black Panther Party, the Black Women's United Front, the Nation of Islam, and others) developed new cultural, political, and economic programs.
6. Desegregation was insufficient. Deconstruction of the white power structures was the new focus.
7. Because they wanted space for black political voices, collective black power, and social autonomy, the movement was often viewed as violent, anti-white, and anti-law enforcement.
8. Key events: the 1965 assassination of Malcom X, and the 1968 assassination of MLK.
9. Major accomplishment: raising the collective level of consciousness, pride, and interest in education.
10. By the mid-1970s, the movement was in decline due to government repression, intragroup squabbles, and further assassinations. Also, police raids, arrests, and harassment.
11. By 1973 African-American activists had begun to concentrate on getting blacks and progressive whites elected to public office. By 1976, the traditional movement was effectually dead.
12. Legacy: Some have compared the modern movement Black Lives Matter to the Black Power movement noting a January 2015 community panel, hosted by the Garfield H.S. – B.S.U. (Seattle) titled: Black Power to Black Lives Matter, connecting the current youth-led struggle of BLACK LIVES MATTER to the Black Power movement of the 1960s-1970s.

Part 2: Conclusion

1. The Black Power movement not only represented a change in tactical strategy, but also a change in the mind-set of African-Americans.
2. For instance, the black music industry, with its roots in gospel and rhythm and blues became more nationalist. Songs like the Impressions' "We're a Winner" (1967), James Brown's "Say It Loud, I'm Black and I'm Proud" (1968), and the Temptations' "Message to a Black Man" (1969) helped establish a distinctive sound for a generation of politically conscious young black Americans.
3. Some blacks chose to don African garb and adopt African names.
4. The slogans "Power to the People" and "Black is Beautiful" became very popular.
5. The movement's style and fashion (military berets, leather gloves and hats, bright powder-blue shirts, and Afro hairstyles were also symbolically important.
6. The impact of this imagery was immediate and resonated across the United States as well as throughout the world.

Part 3: Important figures

1. Nat Turner (d. 1841, American slave)
2. Marcus Garvey (d. 1940, Black Nationalist political advocate)
3. Frantz Fanon (d. 1961, Psychiatrist/Author – "This Wretched Earth: Algerian struggle against colonialism)
4. W.E.B. Dubois (d. 1963, Historian)
5. Malcolm X (d. 1965, Minister/Activist)
6. MLK (d. 1968, Minister/Activist)
7. 1968 Olympians Tommie Smith and John Carlos<

A detailed look at black, African-American, culture during the "Sixties". (1960-1969) (Bonus Artists: hidingtobefound & Luck Pacheco)

1. Overview
2. "The Sixties": the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, sexuality, formalities, and schooling – or - irresponsible excess, flamboyance, and decay of social order.
3. Also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time.
4. Also described as a classical Jungian nightmare cycle, where a rigid culture, unable to contain the demands for greater individual freedom, broke free of the social constraints of the previous age through extreme deviation from the norm.
5. The confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union dominated geopolitics during the '60s, with the struggle expanding into developing nations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia characterized by proxy wars, funding of insurgencies, and puppet governments.
6. In response to civil disobedience campaigns from groups like the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), U.S. President John F. Kennedy, pushed for social reforms. Kennedy's assassination in 1963 was a shock.
7. Liberal reforms were finally passed under Lyndon B. Johnson including civil rights for African Americans· and healthcare for the elderly and the poor. Despite his large-scale Great Society programs, Johnson was increasingly reviled. The heavy-handed American role in the Vietnam War outraged student protestors around the globe.
8. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., anti-Vietnam War movement, and the police response towards protesters of the 1968 Democratic National Convention, defined a politics of violence in the United States.

The 1960s were marked by several notable assassinations:

1. 12 June 1963 – Medgar Evers, an NAACP field secretary. Assassinated by Byron de la Beckwith, a member of the Ku Klux Klan in Jackson, Mississippi.
2. 22 November 1963 – John F. Kennedy, President of the United States. Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas.
3. 21 February 1965 – Malcolm X. Assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam in New York City. There is a dispute about which members killed Malcolm X.
4. 4 April 1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader. Assassinated by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee.
5. 5 June 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy, United States Senator. Assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan in Los Angeles, after taking California in the presidential national primaries.

1. Social and political movements (counterculture)
2. Flower Power/Hippies

In the second half of the decade, young people began to revolt against the conservative norms of the time. The youth involved in the popular social aspects of the movement became known as hippies. These groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including the sexual revolution, questioning authority and government, and demanding more freedoms and rights for women and minorities. The movement was also marked by the first widespread, socially accepted drug use (including LSD and marijuana) and psychedelic music.

1. Anti-war movement

The war in Vietnam would eventually lead to a commitment of over half a million American troops, resulting in over 58,500 American deaths and producing a large-scale antiwar movement in the United States.

Students became a powerful and disruptive force and university campuses sparked a national debate over the war.

The antiwar movement was heavily influenced by the American Communist Party, but by the mid-1960s it outgrew this and became a broad-based mass movement centered

A detailed look at black, African-American, culture during the "Sixties". (1960-1969)

1. Overview
2. "The Sixties": the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, sexuality, formalities, and schooling – or - irresponsible excess, flamboyance, and decay of social order.
3. Also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time.
4. Also described as a classical Jungian nightmare cycle, where a rigid culture, unable to contain the demands for greater individual freedom, broke free of the social constraints of the previous age through extreme deviation from the norm.
5. The confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union dominated geopolitics during the '60s, with the struggle expanding into developing nations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia characterized by proxy wars, funding of insurgencies, and puppet governments.
6. In response to civil disobedience campaigns from groups like the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), U.S. President John F. Kennedy, pushed for social reforms. Kennedy's assassination in 1963 was a shock.
7. Liberal reforms were finally passed under Lyndon B. Johnson including civil rights for African Americans· and healthcare for the elderly and the poor. Despite his large-scale Great Society programs, Johnson was increasingly reviled. The heavy-handed American role in the Vietnam War outraged student protestors around the globe.
8. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., anti-Vietnam War movement, and the police response towards protesters of the 1968 Democratic National Convention, defined a politics of violence in the United States.

The 1960s were marked by several notable assassinations:

1. 12 June 1963 – Medgar Evers, an NAACP field secretary. Assassinated by Byron de la Beckwith, a member of the Ku Klux Klan in Jackson, Mississippi.
2. 22 November 1963 – John F. Kennedy, President of the United States. Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas.
3. 21 February 1965 – Malcolm X. Assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam in New York City. There is a dispute about which members killed Malcolm X.
4. 4 April 1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader. Assassinated by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee.
5. 5 June 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy, United States Senator. Assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan in Los Angeles, after taking California in the presidential national primaries.

1. Social and political movements (counterculture)
2. Flower Power/Hippies

In the second half of the decade, young people began to revolt against the conservative norms of the time. The youth involved in the popular social aspects of the movement became known as hippies. These groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including the sexual revolution, questioning authority and government, and demanding more freedoms and rights for women and minorities. The movement was also marked by the first widespread, socially accepted drug use (including LSD and marijuana) and psychedelic music.

1. Anti-war movement

The war in Vietnam would eventually lead to a commitment of over half a million American troops, resulting in over 58,500 American deaths and producing a large-scale antiwar movement in the United States.

Students became a powerful and disruptive force and university campuses sparked a national debate over the war.

The antiwar movement was heavily influenced by the American Communist Party, but by the mid-1960s it outgrew this and became a broad-based mass movement centered in universities and churches: one kind of protes

Intention: The average person can not tell you the names of their Great-great-grandparents, and if they can name someone, it is unlikely that they know much about that person's life. This podcast is a legacy project and reference for future generations. We encourage you to email us your memories, corrections, comments,and questions. We would love to share and archive your contributions here.

Dedications: The Supreme Council (Grandmother, her three sisters, and father)

Thank you: Gladys, "Talk Star Wars.co.uk Podcast", wife and daughter.

Peace, Derrick 5/2018