1.                      Review the structures and functions of thekidney.              

•             Functionsof the nephron

•             Functionsof the kidneys

2.                      Understand the etiology and pathophysiology ofAcute Kidney Injury (AKI).       

Common causes of AKI

•             Prerenal

•             Intrarenal

•             Postrenal

3.           Describethe clinical manifestations associated with AKI.

Manifestations associated with:

•             Prerenal

•             Intrarenal

•             Postrenal

Manifestations associated with the phases of acute tubularnecrosis (ATN):

•             Initiationphase

•             Maintenancephase

•             Recoveryphase

4.           Understandthe diagnostic studies associated with AKI.

•             Urinalysis

•             Renalultrasound

•             Renalscan

•             Computedtomography (CT)

•             Retrogradepyelogram

•             Bloodwork (serum Cr, BUN, electrolytes)

5.           Understandthe treatment modalities and interventions in AKI.             

•             Treatmentof precipitating cause

•             Fluidrestrictions

•             Crystalloids

•             Nutritiontherapy

•             Treatmentsof hyperkalemia (including pharmacotherapy)

•             Calciumsupplements or phosphate-binding agents

•             Totalparenteral nutrition (if indicated)

•             Enteralnutrition (if indicated)

•             Renalreplacement therapy (RRT) (if indicated)

6.           Understandpharmacological interventions in AKI.      

•             Antihypertensives

•             Diuretics

•             Treatmentsof hyperkalemia

•             Calciumsupplements or phosphate-binding agents

7.           Apply thenursing process in patients with AKI.

•             Nursingassessment (including nursing diagnoses)

•             Planning/goals

•             Nursingintervention

•             Evaluation