1.     Identify and describe nursing care related to seizures.

• Obtaining history from patient/family

- Type of seizure

- Manifestations

- Duration

- Management

• Maintaining safety

- Seizure precautions

- Ensuring compliance with drug therapy

• Observations and nursing care during a seizure

• Health promotion for families

2.     Define “status epilepticus” and describe related problems.

1.     Describe classification of seizures.

Focal, generalized, and unknown onset

2.     Describe how seizures are diagnosed.

• Patient/family history
• Complete physical and neurological examination
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Laboratory and neuroimaging tests

3.     Describe the treatment of seizures.

• Holistic approach

• Medications

• Ketogenic diet

• Vagal nerve stimulation

• Surgery

1.     Differentiate between the terms “seizure” and “epilepsy”.

• Paroxysmal behavior caused by abnormal discharge

of neurons.

• Relation to acute illness

2.     Describe the etiology and pathophysiology of seizures.

• Genetic

• Structural/metabolic

• Neuronal discharges

• Unknown

• Phases of seizure

3.     Identify contributing factors to febrile and neonatal seizures.

• Illness

• Infection

• Asphyxia

• Electrolyte imbalances

4. Identify nursing interventions relative to the child with ASD and his/her family.

• Offering family support

• Identifying signs of anxiety or depression in family members

• Encourage family to seek assistance or servicesrelated to respite care or support groups
• Interdisciplinary approach and collaboration

• Involve family in care planning during hospitalization

• Individualize care

• Adapt physical environment as needed

• Communication approaches

• Medications that can be used to manage the behaviors associated with ASD

1.     Identify treatment goals for ASD.

• Reducing disruptive behaviors

• Teaching the child how to accomplish purposeful activities

• Improving communication skills

• Providing opportunities for socialization

• Improving self-care skills

• Alleviating family distress

1.     Describe the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

• Developmental disorder

• Risk factors

• Diagnosis

2.     Identify signs and symptoms associated with ASD.

• Impaired social functioning

• Impaired language development

• Stereotypical behaviors

• Self-mutilation

• Increased aggression in adolescence

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7. Describe the nursing interventions for dehydration.

• Rehydration (oral & IV)

• Strict monitoring of intake & output

• Accurate weight of child

• Health teaching to prevent gastroenteritis

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4. Describe how to determine the severity of dehydration.

• Weight change (in % or in mL/kg)
• Signs and symptoms

5. Relate the extent of dehydration to thetherapy.

Fluid and electrolyte replacement

6. Describe the nursing problems most oftenseen in dehydrated children.

• Fluid and Electrolytes:

-Fluid Volume Deficit

-Fluid and electrolytes imbalances

• Nutrition: less than body requirements
• Impaired skin integrity

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1.     Describe the pathophysiology of dehydration in a child.

• Risk factors for dehydration
• Consequences of dehydration
• Compensatory mechanism
• Types of dehydration

2. Compare and contrast the fluid and electrolyte requirements of children in various age groups.

• Pediatric differences

• Fluid requirements and minimum output

3. Identify common tests related to GI dysfunctionand dehydration

• Urine specific gravity
• Hematocrit
• Serum electrolytes

1. Identify how nutritional challenges are related to certain health conditions in children and adolescents.

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

• Ulcerative colitis (UC)

• Crohn’s disease (CD)

• Malabsorption disorders

• Celiac disease

• Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM II)

• Obesity

• Failure to thrive (FTT)

• Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

2. Identify health promotion strategies to optimizenutritional status in the presence of certain health conditions.

• May include medical, surgical, nutritional and psychosocial approaches