The 42nd chapter of the Quran is called Ash-Shura. It is located in the 25th Juz and comprises 53 verses. Ash-Shura is a Makki Surah and was the 62nd revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
The name "Ash-Shura" is derived from the concept of consultation (Shura) mentioned in verse 38, where believers are described as those who "respond to their Lord, establish prayer, and conduct their affairs by consultation; and who give of what We have provided for them."
The central theme of Ash-Shura is divine revelation, alongside discussions on monotheism, characteristics of believers and disbelievers, and the conditions each will face on the Day of Resurrection.
Other key topics in the Surah include repentance (Tawbah), monotheism, resurrection, encouragement for the Prophet (PBUH) to continue his mission, calling people to God, unity of divine faiths, avoiding discord, forgiveness, self-control, and the importance of consultation in social and governance matters.
The themes in Surah Ash-Shura can be divided into four main sections:
1. Revelation and God’s connection with the prophets, including the prophetic mission of Muhammad (PBUH), the Quran, and prophethood since Noah (AS).
2. The basis of monotheism and signs of God in the world.
3. Resurrection and the fate of disbelievers on Judgment Day.
4. Ethical and moral teachings, promoting repentance, forgiveness, patience, steadfastness, and warnings against arrogance, stubbornness, and excessive attachment to worldly things.