In this episode, we profile Albert Bruce Sabin, the Polish-American medical researcher whose pioneering work played a decisive role in the near-eradication of polio. Born Abram Saperstejn in 1906, Sabin emigrated to the United States as a teenager, eventually switching his studies from dentistry to virology to pursue a career in infectious disease research.

While Jonas Salk is often remembered for the first polio vaccine, we dive into how Sabin’s approach differed fundamentally. We explain how Sabin developed an oral vaccine using live attenuated virus strains, which—unlike Salk’s "dead" injectable vaccine—multiplied in the intestines to block the virus from entering the bloodstream and successfully broke the chain of transmission.

Key topics covered in this episode include:

• The Cold War Connection: How Sabin bypassed American hesitation by working with Russian colleagues to test his vaccine on over 100 million people in the USSR and Eastern Europe between 1955 and 1961.
• A Spoonful of Sugar: The development of the iconic sugar cube delivery method, adopted to mask the vaccine's salty, bitter taste and facilitate mass immunization.
• Science Over Profit: Sabin’s refusal to patent his vaccine or profit from its commercial exploitation to ensure the treatment remained low-cost and widely available.

Join us for a look at the man who dedicated his life to alleviating pain and whose live-virus vaccine became the predominant tool for fighting polio in the United States for three decades.