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An Olympic swimmer and an Italian screen veteran became one of cinema’s most unlikely comedy partnerships. This episode traces how Carlo Pedersoli and Mario Girotti became Bud Spencer and Terence Hill, bringing contrasting talents to a shared formula: lightning-fast mischief, immovable strength, and endless irritation with each other. Their early Westerns established the partnership, but Enzo Barboni’s They Call Me Trinity (1970) turned it into something distinctive, replacing grim revenge with brotherly bickering, elaborate fistfights, and an unforgettable pan of beans.

Trinity Is Still My Name (1971) expanded that formula with crooked card games, mistaken identities, and brothers whose attempts at criminal success keep getting interrupted by doing the right thing. The episode explores how physical timing, playful action, and memorable music helped their comedy cross borders, while inventive dubbing gave it another life abroad. From Spencer’s swimming career and aviation ventures to Hill’s later success in Don Matteo, it follows the men behind the characters and the friendship that outlasted their cowboy adventures.

• Spencer’s background in competitive swimming and water polo offers a revealing perspective on his controlled, deceptively effortless physical comedy.
• Their American-sounding screen names emerged as Italian Westerns pursued international audiences.
• Trinity and Bambino’s humor comes from two capable men annoying each other while casually outmaneuvering their enemies.
• The sequel’s draw, slap, and holster routine turns a familiar Western showdown into a lesson in comic timing.
• German dubbing, devoted international fans, and the Slaps and Beans video game helped carry their appeal across languages and generations.

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The McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle holds a 104 to 0 air-to-air combat record, and the episode traces it to a chain of accidents. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara's push for one shared airframe produced the heavy F-111, which the Navy abandoned. In Vietnam, missile-armed F-4 Phantoms were dragged into close dogfights, and in April 1965 subsonic MiG-17s shot down two F-105 Thunderchiefs. John Boyd and the Fighter Mafia answered with energy maneuverability theory and a call for a light fighter with a 1:1 thrust-to-weight ratio. Then the 1967 debut of the Mach 2.8 MiG-25 Foxbat, whose huge wings were assumed to mean agility, pushed the Pentagon toward a big heavyweight fighter.

The MiG-25 turned out to be a heavy nickel steel interceptor, but McDonnell Douglas won the contract in 1969 and kept the 1:1 ratio anyway with twin Pratt & Whitney F100 engines. The jet flew in 1972 and entered service in 1976. Israel took it into combat first in 1979, and its pilots scored more than half of the 104 kills; in the 1991 Gulf War F-15s took 36 of 39 U.S. air-to-air kills. In 2007 a jet broke apart in flight and the fleet was grounded for metal fatigue. With the F-22 capped at 187 aircraft, the Air Force is now buying the new F-15EX Eagle II.

• Engineers removed the vibrating outer exhaust petals, accepting about 3 percent more drag for reliability.
• The APG-63 radar used Doppler filtering to give the F-15 a look-down, shoot-down capability.
• In 1985 Major Wilbert "Doug" Pearson zoomed to about 38,000 feet and fired a missile that destroyed an orbiting solar observatory satellite.
• An F-15E Strike Eagle in the Gulf War downed an airborne Iraqi Mi-24 helicopter with a laser-guided GBU-10 bomb.
• The Eagle II has fly-by-wire controls and an airframe rated for 20,000 hours, versus the original 4,000-hour design life.

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The Boeing CH-47 Chinook came out of a late-1950s split in Army aviation between those who wanted a nimble troop carrier, which became the Huey, and those who wanted a flying crane for artillery and Pershing missiles. The Army rejected Vertol's V-107 as an awkward middle ground, though the Marines took it as the CH-46 Sea Knight, so Vertol scaled up to the Model 114, designated the CH-47A in 1962. Its tandem rotors spin in opposite directions and cancel each other's torque, so no tail rotor steals 15 to 20 percent of engine power, and the early Chinook reached about 170 knots, faster than contemporary utility and attack helicopters.

In Vietnam, heat and humidity cut its lift by more than 20 percent in the lowlands and up to 30 percent in the mountains, yet it slung artillery onto mountaintop firebases and recovered more than $3.6 billion in downed aircraft. Four heavily armed ACH-47A Guns-A-Go-Go gunships deployed in 1966; one crashed while taxiing and another shot off its own forward rotor blades when a cannon retention pin vibrated loose. In the 1982 Falklands War, an Exocet strike on the Atlantic Conveyor destroyed three of four British Chinooks, leaving Bravo November, which once carried 81 combat-loaded troops. In 2011 Japanese Chinooks dropped seawater on Fukushima's reactors with lead plates on the floor.

• Argentina also flew Chinooks in the Falklands, putting the type on both sides of the same war.
• Iran used Chinooks to land troops behind Iraqi lines in Operation Fath ol-Mobin in 1982 and still keeps part of its fleet flying under embargo.
• In Afghanistan's Hindu Kush, one Chinook could do the lift work of up to five Black Hawks, and the 2011 Extortion 17 shootdown killed 38.
• After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, Chinooks delivered 1.2 million pounds of supplies in Florida.
• India's ISRO uses Indian Air Force Chinooks to drop Pushpak space plane prototypes and Gaganyaan capsules, and the Army plans to fly the type beyond 2060.

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Crews call the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III the Moose because its pressure relief vents groan during refueling. The Air Force wanted a replacement for the aging C-141 Starlifter that could fly oceans like a strategic transport and land on short dirt strips like a tactical one, and McDonnell Douglas won in 1981 with a design descended from the YC-15. The program nearly died: in 1990 Dick Cheney cut the order from 210 to 120, the prototype was overweight and buggy, and in October 1992 a static test wing failed at 128 percent of its design limit load instead of 150 percent. In late 1993 the Pentagon gave the company two years to fix things or stop at 40 planes, and it absorbed a loss of nearly $1.5 billion.

Engineers later found the test jacks had loaded the wing incorrectly. The C-17 entered service in 1995, won the Collier Trophy, flew half of the strategic airlift missions over Kosovo and carries the presidential limousine ahead of Air Force One. On one August 2021 flight out of Kabul it carried a record 823 people. In 2024 an Indian Air Force C-17 flew 2,600 kilometers to drop MARCOS commandos and boats beside the hijacked MV Ruen, rescuing 17 sailors and capturing 35 pirates. Boeing closed the Long Beach line in 2015 after 279 aircraft, and as of June 2025 restarting it was under discussion.

• Four Pratt & Whitney F117 engines from the Boeing 757 family each make over 40,000 pounds of thrust, and upward-venting thrust reversers let the jet back up.
• Its cargo floor flips from rollers to a flat surface for a 69-ton M1 Abrams, and it can seat 102 paratroopers.
• Since 1999 C-17s have flown five-hour Operation Deep Freeze runs from New Zealand to McMurdo Station, past a point of safe return.
• The RAF used a C-17 to carry Queen Elizabeth II's coffin from Edinburgh to London in 2022.
• A 2010 crash at Elmendorf killed four crew, the only fatal hull loss, and a fatigued crew in 2012 landed at tiny Peter O. Knight Airport instead of MacDill.

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In late October 1963, Lieutenant James H. Flatley III landed a four-engine Lockheed C-130 Hercules on the carrier USS Forrestal with no arresting hook, completing 29 touch-and-goes and 21 full-stop landings and earning the Distinguished Flying Cross. The C-130 came from a 1951 requirement after the Korean War exposed the limits of piston transports like the C-47 and C-119: carry 92 passengers or 64 paratroopers, operate from rough strips and load through a hinged rear ramp. Kelly Johnson reportedly told designer Willis Hawkins that signing the proposal would destroy Lockheed, yet he flew the chase plane when Stanley Beltz and Roy Wimmer took the first YC-130 aloft from Burbank on August 23, 1954.

Four Allison T56 turboprops gave it power with a 1,100-nautical-mile range, and automatic feathering kept a dead engine from windmilling. Ski-equipped versions supplied DEW Line radar sites on the Greenland ice cap and Antarctica. In Vietnam C-130s rolled 10,000-pound daisy cutter bombs out the ramp, and in 1969 a CIA C-130 with a crew from Taiwan flew six and a half hours at night to drop sensors at a Chinese nuclear test site. In the 1976 Entebbe raid, Israel flew four C-130s about 2,200 miles at roughly 100 feet, carrying a black Mercedes to fool airport guards.

• Operation Commando Scarf dropped chemicals on the Ho Chi Minh Trail to turn monsoon rain into impassable mud.
• Variants include the AC-130 gunship and the EC-130 Commando Solo flying radio and TV station.
• HC-130s used the Fulton system, snagging a balloon line with a nose yoke to yank a person off the ground.
• The 910th Airlift Wing sprayed dispersants over the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
• As of 2024 the C-130 had 70 years of continuous production, with over 2,700 built for more than 60 nations, and a 2021 Rapid Dragon test dropped cruise missiles on a parachuted pallet.

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The Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II grew out of Vietnam, where the U.S. lost about 266 propeller-driven A-1 Skyraiders, mostly to small arms fire, while the Mach 2 F-4 Phantom was too fast and costly for close air support. Worried that Army attack helicopters such as the AH-1 Cobra and AH-56 Cheyenne would take the mission and its funding, the Air Force launched the A-X program in 1966. The 1970 requirements called for a 460 mph top speed, a 16,000-pound payload, 4,000-foot dirt runways and a design built around a 30mm rotary cannon. In 1973 Fairchild Republic's YA-10 beat Northrop's YA-9.

Fighter pilots initially resisted the slow, radar-less jet, but in the 1991 Gulf War 132 A-10s posted a 95.7 percent mission-capable rate hunting Scud launchers, and Captain Robert Swain shot down an Iraqi helicopter with the gun. Over Baghdad in 2003, Captain Kim Campbell lost all hydraulics and an engine to flak, then flew home for nearly an hour in manual reversion and landed. The record also includes, from 2010 to 2015, involvement in incidents that killed 35 Afghan civilians and 10 U.S. troops in friendly fire. Wing cracks led to Boeing's $1.2 billion wing replacement program, and Congress has repeatedly blocked Air Force efforts to retire the fleet.

• The GAU-8 Avenger is roughly the size of a Volkswagen Beetle, and the nose gear is offset so the firing barrel sits on the centerline.
• A 1,200-pound titanium tub, half an inch to an inch and a half thick, protects the pilot and flight controls from 23mm fire.
• Engines mounted high near the tail avoid ingesting debris, and the tail planes shield their heat from ground-based missiles.
• The A-10C upgrade added glass cockpits, HOTAS controls combining an F-16 stick and F-15 throttle, targeting pods and JDAMs.
• Twelve A-10s deployed in the 2026 Iran War, and new wings could keep the fleet flying to 2035 or even 2040.

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The FIM-92 Stinger, introduced in 1981, is a shoulder-fired missile in a roughly 35-pound tube that reaches over Mach 2.5 and hits targets up to 15,700 feet away. It replaced the FIM-43 Redeye, which could only chase an aircraft's exhaust after it had already passed overhead. The Stinger's all-aspect seeker sees heat from air friction on the nose and wings, and later POST and RMP variants added a dual infrared and ultraviolet seeker that rejects flares. A small ejection motor kicks the missile clear of the gunner before the main motor fires, a battery coolant unit chills the seeker with pressurized argon, the processor runs on four kilobytes of RAM, and the missile self-destructs after 17 seconds without a hit.

After a limited debut with the British SAS in the 1982 Falklands War, the Stinger reached the Afghan mujahideen through the CIA's Operation Cyclone, pushed by Representative Charlie Wilson. The mujahideen claimed a 79 percent kill rate and 269 Soviet aircraft, figures analysts doubt, but Soviet helicopters were forced to fly higher. In 1990 the U.S. began a $55 million buyback, paying about $183,000 per missile, yet hundreds went missing. After 2022 shipments to Ukraine drained about a quarter of the U.S. stockpile, Raytheon told the Pentagon the seeker relied on microelectronics no longer made anywhere and recalled retired engineers to redesign it.

• The episode reports that the Secret Service does not deny long-standing rumors of Stingers in the presidential motorcade, though the real plan is to drive away.
• Missing Stingers are tracked to Iran, North Korea and insurgents in Sri Lanka.
• Battery coolant units expire after four to five years, which should disable old missiles.
• Insurgents in the Syrian civil war bypassed dead thermal batteries by wiring launchers to ordinary car batteries.
• The Red Wasp program would add a ramjet to extend range against drones while the Army seeks a replacement by 2026.

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Unilever was formed in 1930 when Dutch margarine maker Margarine Unie merged with British soapmaker Lever Brothers, two companies that had been bidding against each other for the same palm oil, whale oil and tallow. During the Second World War, profits trapped in the U.S. and U.K. were spent on local businesses such as Thomas J. Lipton tea and Batchelors peas. As margarine sales stagnated and Procter & Gamble's synthetic detergents gained ground, Unilever moved into Sunsilk, Dove and Good Humor, then bought Brooke Bond, Pond's and, in 2000, Ben & Jerry's, SlimFast and Bestfoods, which brought Hellmann's and Knorr. In 2004 it ran Dove's Real Beauty campaign alongside Axe body spray ads aimed at teenage boys.

Under CEO Paul Polman it sold its spreads business, including Flora and I Can't Believe It's Not Butter, to KKR in 2017 for nearly 7 billion euros, the same year it fended off a $143 billion takeover bid from Kraft Heinz. A Reuters investigation found Unilever lobbying in India, the Philippines and Sri Lanka against bans on multilayer sachets it produces by the billions each year. It stayed in Russia after 2022, where profits doubled to about 108 million euros, before selling its Russian and Belarusian business to Arnest Group in late 2024. It then spun off the Magnum Ice Cream Company in November 2025, bought Dr. Squatch for $1.5 billion and agreed in March 2026 to combine most of its food arm with McCormick & Company.

• Unilever paid about $1 billion for Dollar Shave Club and also bought Seventh Generation after the Kraft Heinz bid.
• The company now works with a network of roughly 300,000 digital creators and influencers instead of top-down TV campaigns.
• The U.K. Competition and Markets Authority's greenwashing probe of Unilever did not close until late 2024.
• In 2021 Florida put Unilever on a scrutinized companies list after Ben & Jerry's stopped sales in Israeli-controlled territories.
• The McCormick deal created a sauces and spices business valued at over $65 billion and gave Unilever a $15.7 billion cash payout.

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Time Warner Cable grew from American Television and Communications, founded in 1968, and Warner Cable, founded in 1973. In 1977 Warner Cable began making its own channels, Pinwheel and Star Channel, which became Nickelodeon and The Movie Channel, and in 1981 it launched MTV. Time Inc. and Warner Communications merged in 1990, and in 1992 their cable units became the Time Warner Cable Group. In 1993 it sold a 25 percent stake to phone company US West to fund fiber optic upgrades, and in 1995 a cable modem pilot in Elmira, New York, first called the Southern Tier Online Community, became Road Runner High Speed Online.

In 2006 it joined Comcast to buy bankrupt Adelphia's assets for $17 billion and swapped subscribers to cluster its markets, taking most of Los Angeles and Dallas. Time Warner spun the cable company off in 2009 without super-voting stock. Data cap trials starting in Beaumont, Texas in 2008 drew a group called Stop the Cap and Congressman Eric Massa, and TWC ranked at the bottom of the American Customer Satisfaction Index from 2011 to 2014. Comcast's $45.2 billion bid, announced in February 2014, was abandoned in April 2015 as the Justice Department prepared to sue. Charter then agreed to pay $78.7 billion, closed in May 2016, and by 2017 had renamed the service Spectrum.

• TWC launched DVR service in the Houston area in 2004.
• Its 2009 TV Everywhere plan let subscribers stream video online only after logging in with an active cable account.
• On March 16, 2010, a glitch in eastern North Carolina put Playboy TV on two kids on-demand channels for two hours.
• A combined Comcast and TWC would have controlled an estimated 57 percent of U.S. broadband capacity, with Netflix among the opponents.
• Charter folded in Bright House Networks alongside TWC and let legacy customers keep their roadrunner.com email addresses.

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Russia's Sukhoi Su-57, called the Felon by NATO, drew mockery at the Zhuhai Air Show in China when visitors photographed ordinary visible screws on its panels. The jet began with the PAK FA program in 1999, when Russia could afford only one fifth-generation fighter to replace aging MiG-29s and Su-27s. Sukhoi beat Mikoyan's single-engine pitch partly because export sales of upgraded Su-27s to China and India had given it the cash. The resulting twin-engine design had to be a true multirole fighter with two tandem internal weapons bays, thrust-vectoring nozzles for moves like Pugachev's Cobra, and stealth focused on the front rather than all aspects, plus side-looking cheek radars that let it keep a lock while beaming.

India, which signed a 2007 joint venture for a variant called the FGFA and was to invest about $6 billion, walked away in 2018 over engines, stealth and cost. Early prototypes developed structural cracks, forcing a redesign that pushed normal takeoff weight to nearly 27 tons, and in December 2019 the first serial production jet crashed on a factory test flight; the pilot ejected. Sanctions cut off Western processors and gallium nitride radar modules. In Ukraine the jets mostly fire long-range missiles from Russian airspace, yet one was hit by a Ukrainian drone while parked in June 2024, and in October 2024 an Su-57 pilot shot down an S-70 Okhotnik drone after its data link failed.

• The episode explains that the screwed-together aircraft shown abroad were early test articles, not finished serial production jets.
• The Su-57 uses a quadruple redundant digital fly-by-wire system because its airframe is aerodynamically unstable by design.
• Russian doctrine expects the jet to operate under ground-based air defenses such as the S-400, covering its weak rear aspect.
• Two prototypes deployed briefly to Syria in 2018, firing cruise missiles in relatively permissive airspace.
• Algeria is reported to be receiving the first export Su-57s, aiming for operational status around 2026.