The Adragnas end up in Sicily on the eve of Fascist Italy. We go through what happened to Sicily, La Cosa Nostra, and our family during the reign of Mussolini.

CW: Genocide and other human rights violations.

Thank you all, sorry this took so long!

SOURCES:

https://historylearning.com/modern-world-history/italy-1900-to-1939/italy-and-world-war-one/
https://www.historyanswers.co.uk/people-politics/mussolini-vs-the-mafia/
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/whp-1750/xcabef9ed3fc7da7b:unit-7-interwar-and-world-war-ii/xcabef9ed3fc7da7b:7-2-the-road-to-war/a/read-fascism-in-italy-beta
https://users.manchester.edu/Student/KLStoneburner/ProWebsite/Italian%20Culture%20in%20the%20Twentieth%20Century.pdf
https://www.usaonrace.com/sticky-wicket-questions/2313/why-are-italians-prejudiced-against-sicilians.html
https://www.biography.com/political-figures/benito-mussolini
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-italy/article/abs/pentiti-of-the-sicilian-mafia-in-the-1930s/C2560E97012D9937A6307E519A641C4F
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-italy/article/nation-race-and-racisms-in-twentiethcentury-italy/CDDB2FFC381AD2119FC722E71847054E
http://www.italyandtheholocaust.org/italian-racial-laws.aspx
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1875676
https://msmflorence.wordpress.com/2016/04/17/mussolini-and-the-sicilian-mafia/
https://www.elalliance.org/languages/sicilian
https://mangolanguages.com/resources-articles/sicilian-and-italian-whats-the-difference/
https://friendsofisoladellefemmine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/A-History-of-the-Sicilian-Language.pdf
https://www.history.com/news/mussolini-italy-fascism
https://brewminate.com/the-sicilian-mafia-during-the-mussolini-regime/
The Doctrine of Fascism, Benito Mussolini 1932
The Last Struggle with the Italian Mafia, Caesare Mori
Fascism and the Mafia, Christopher Duggan, Yale University Press, 1989
An ungodly amount of Encyclopedia Britannica articles related to Italy
Primary immigration records sourced from Ancestry.com and Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc database.

Our grandmother and great uncles have a violent encounter with the first known criminal organization in the United States. Plus, a primer on the history of Pittsburgh, PA.

References:

• https://pittsburghquarterly.com/articles/a-very-brief-history-of-pittsburgh/
• https://www.wesa.fm/environment-energy/2017-03-23/pittsburghs-long-history-with-coal-mining-isnt-so-buried-in-the-past
• Craig, Neville, “The history of Pittsburgh : with a brief notice of its facilities of communication, and other advantages for commercial and manufacturing purposes”, pub. 1851
• Hunt, Thomas, "Pittsburgh (LaRocca) Mob leaders," The American Mafia, mafiahistory.us, last revised 20 Oct 2022, accessed 11 Jul 2023.
• https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/italian/under-attack/
• https://www.lawrencechs.com/museum/collections/the-black-hand/
• https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/pennsylvania/pittsburgh/oldest-grocery-store-pittsburgh/
• https://positivelypittsburgh.com/the-shopping-scene-of-pittsburghs-past/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222035/
• https://www.history.com/news/the-birth-of-illegal-immigration#
• DeVault, Ileen A., “Sons and daughters of labor : class and clerical work in turn-of-the-century Pittsburgh”, pub. 1990
• The Iroquois Confederacy
• https://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/when-italians-were-blacks-the-dark-skinned-sicilians/comment-page-1/

Onions saved our Great Grandfather Gaspare from starving on the long journey to America. Plus, why we even went back to the US.

-Ship Manifests from the USS Argentina and the USS Franconia, and Naturalization Records of Gaspare/Gasper Adamo sourced from Ellis Island Passenger Search database and Ancestry.com. -

Other Sources:
The National Immigration Museum, Ellis Island
https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/forze-di-polizia/
https://www.carabinieri.it/chi-siamo/oggi/organizzazione/tutela-forestale-ambientale-e-agroalimentare
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-19277-9_9
https://shiphistory.org/themes/immigration/
https://www.ggarchives.com/OceanTravel/ImmigrantShips/Franconia.html
https://www.history.com/news/immigrants-ellis-island-short-processing-time
https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/summer/women-and-naturalization-1.html
https://immigrantsassistancecenter.com/what-was-it-like-on-immigrant-ships/
https://artsandculture.google.com/story/new-beginnings-immigrant-women-and-the-american-experience-national-women%E2%80%99s-history-museum/mQXRyiVkZcVkLw?hl=en
https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snpim1.htm
https://www.uscis.gov/about-us/our-history/overview-of-ins-history/early-american-immigration-policies
Cavaioli, Frank J. "Patterns of Italian Immigration to the United States" (PDF). The Catholic Social Science Review

In the premiere episode of All in La Famigghia, we look at the story of how our great great uncles ended up going all the way from Sicily, to the US, and back again.

https://www.loc.gov/collections/railroad-maps-1828-to-1900/articles-and-essays/history-of-railroads-and-maps/the-transcontinental-railroad/

https://dp.la/exhibitions/transcontinental-railroad/human-impact/native-americans

https://www.thethinkingtraveller.com/italy/sicily/guide-to-sicily/history-of-sicily/sicilian-emigration-to-america

https://www.uscitizenship.info/Chinese-immigration-and-the-Transcontinental-railroad/

https://janetpanic.com/how-many-chinese-died-working-on-the-transcontinental-railroad/

https://www.history.com/news/transcontinental-railroad-chinese-immigrants

https://www.history.com/news/transcontinental-railroad-workers-impact

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tcrr-native-americans-and-transcontinental-railroad/

https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2015/januaryfebruary/feature/what-sets-italian-americans-other-immigrants

https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/us/how-the-irish-were-complicit-in-native-american-suffering-1.3421243

https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/10-stunning-similarities-between-irish-and-native-historic-experiences

https://time.com/5833592/native-american-irish-famine/

A history of the Indians of the United States

The Shoshoni Frontier and the Bear River Massacre, Brigham D. Madsen, foreword by Charles S. Peterson, University of Utah Press (1985, paperback 1995)

"The Settler's War" of The Battle of Beecher Island and the Indian War of 1867–1869, by John H. Monnett, University Press of Colorado (1992)

Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968)

Harry Hearder, Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento 1790 – 1870 (1980)

Destination America

Cavaioli, Frank J. "Patterns of Italian Immigration to the United States" (PDF). The Catholic Social Science Review

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Immigration/Oyz-m_ovuIwC?hl=en&gbpv=0 Immigration Charles Willis

https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/italian/the-great-arrival/

https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/inventions/transcontinental-railroad