Our grandmother and great uncles have a violent encounter with the first known criminal organization in the United States. Plus, a primer on the history of Pittsburgh, PA.

References:

• https://pittsburghquarterly.com/articles/a-very-brief-history-of-pittsburgh/
• https://www.wesa.fm/environment-energy/2017-03-23/pittsburghs-long-history-with-coal-mining-isnt-so-buried-in-the-past
• Craig, Neville, “The history of Pittsburgh : with a brief notice of its facilities of communication, and other advantages for commercial and manufacturing purposes”, pub. 1851
• Hunt, Thomas, "Pittsburgh (LaRocca) Mob leaders," The American Mafia, mafiahistory.us, last revised 20 Oct 2022, accessed 11 Jul 2023.
• https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/italian/under-attack/
• https://www.lawrencechs.com/museum/collections/the-black-hand/
• https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/pennsylvania/pittsburgh/oldest-grocery-store-pittsburgh/
• https://positivelypittsburgh.com/the-shopping-scene-of-pittsburghs-past/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222035/
• https://www.history.com/news/the-birth-of-illegal-immigration#
• DeVault, Ileen A., “Sons and daughters of labor : class and clerical work in turn-of-the-century Pittsburgh”, pub. 1990
• The Iroquois Confederacy
• https://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/when-italians-were-blacks-the-dark-skinned-sicilians/comment-page-1/