Alternative History

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The Dropa Stones of Tibet. According to the story, hundreds of mysterious stone discs were discovered in a cave in China that appear to tell the story of an ancient spacecraft that crashed on Earth approximately 12,000 years ago in the Himalayan mountains of the remote Bayan Kara Ula region in Qinghai, on the border between China and Tibet.

There are 12 main stones that are considered more important than the others because they supposedly tell an all-too-familiar story about gray extraterrestrials—allegedly archaeologists whose UFO crashed on planet Earth 12,000 years ago—or did it?

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Earth is home to some of the most spectacular relics of ancient civilizations—structures that seem to defy the technological capabilities of their time, whether because they are too massive, too heavy, or too complex.

As a result, some have suggested that the builders of the Egyptian pyramids, the Nazca Lines, and other ancient monuments followed instructions from extraterrestrial beings. Perhaps the hands that created these remarkable sites were not entirely of this world.

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One of the treasures found in Pharaoh Tutankhamun’s tomb, dating to 1323 BC, was a knife with an iron blade. However, iron is rarely found in excavations from ancient Egypt.

The Egyptians did not know how to extract iron from iron ore, so they had only one source of the hard metal: meteorites.

Some of these solid bodies from space contain pure iron, which Egyptian blacksmiths were able to hammer into tools at the forge.

Meteorites are rare, however—and only about six percent of them contain iron—so the metal was available only in very limited quantities.

As a result, knives like the one buried with Tutankhamun were regarded as princely treasures, and the Egyptians most likely viewed meteorites as gifts from the gods to the pharaoh.

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Archangels are, within certain religions, angels who hold a special status in the hierarchy of angels. Their number varies among different religions, ranging from three to four or seven.

According to the apocryphal Book of Enoch, there are also seven archangels. In Chapter 20 of the book, they are listed as follows:

Uriel – the angel of thunder and earthquakes

Raphael – the angel of the spirits of humanity

Raguel – who executes vengeance upon the world and the luminaries

Michael – who is set over the best part of humankind, the people

Saraqael – who watches over the spirits of the children of men who lead spirits into sin

Gabriel – who is set over the serpents, Paradise, and the cherubim

Remiel – appointed to watch over those who rise up**

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According to the creation story of Greek mythology, Chaos existed before anything else and constituted the cosmos, consisting of emptiness and formless matter. From this emerged the Earth, Gaia, and afterward the Underworld, Tartarus.

Gaia created the sky, Uranus, and the sea, Pontus. Uranus was the husband of Gaia, and together they had several sons, including Cronus, who killed his father Uranus and became the most powerful god. However, he himself would be overthrown by his own son, Zeus. This occurred after a long war between Cronus and the Titans on one side and Zeus and his brothers on the other. When the battle was decided and power was taken from Cronus, Mount Olympus became the new home of the ruling gods, with Zeus as the supreme deity.

How, then, were humans created according to this worldview? According to certain mythological sources, Prometheus created mankind from water and earth. Prometheus created only men, and just as in the biblical tradition, man therefore preceded woman. A negative view of women is reflected in the myth that the gods created woman as a punishment for humanity. The equivalent of Eve in this story is Pandora—just as Eve could not resist biting the apple, Pandora could not resist opening the box with which she had been sent to Earth. When she opened the box, every conceivable misfortune and sorrow poured out across the world. From that day onward, the idea of a harmonious life on Earth became impossible.

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Atlantis (Greek: Atlantis) is an island described by Plato, whose existence has never been proven. According to Plato, the island was located west of the Pillars of Heracles, which have been interpreted as the Strait of Gibraltar. Atlantis was said to have been the most powerful kingdom on Earth during its time.

The uncertain identity of Atlantis has inspired writers and others to propose numerous theories, often linking it to other ancient cultures around the Mediterranean, islands or hypothetical islands in the Atlantic Ocean, or lands bordering the Atlantic. Within academic research, Plato’s texts about Atlantis are generally regarded as a description of a fictional ideal state.

It is equally likely, however, that Atlantis is a completely fictional story intended to glorify the morality of the ancient Athenians. Moreover, later European folklore contains many legends based on a similar concept, involving cities or regions that sank into the sea or the earth because of the sinful or otherwise blameworthy behavior of their inhabitants.

Olof Rudbeck the Elder claimed in his major work Atland eller Manheim (1679–1702) that Atlantis, the cradle of civilization, was identical to Sweden. Gustaf Fröding dreamed in his poem Atlantis of “shining white facades” on the seabed (New Poems, 1894). For Francis Bacon, Atlantis symbolized the ideal city of science. Later science fiction writers have also been drawn to the theme.

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