Read more: In this corrections and correspondence episode, we hear from listeners around the world about Buddhism, Phidippides, and royalty-free music! Also, find out how your music can be featured on the podcast (with a shout-out!) and how you can support the show as a card-carrying “Heritage Ambassador!”

Read more: When it comes to knowledge, some people say “you can feel it in your bones!” But what about in your soul? Find out why Plato’s theory of forms entails a theory of innate, a priori knowledge in this episode on Platonic epistemology. Additionally, we’ll consider candidates for Plato’s God, and their significance to later... ()

Read more: In order to help us better understand his theory of forms, Plato paints a picture of an ignorant humanity, trapped by empiricism, and unaware of its own limited perspective. Occasionally, though, a rare individual escapes the confines of this “cave.” After an arduous intellectual journey, the philosopher discovers a higher realm, a true reality,... ()

Read more: If every human disappeared tomorrow, would 1 + 1 still equal 2? If none of us has ever seen a perfect circle, does that mean circles don’t really exist? Plato believed that the world we perceive through our senses was different from the world that we perceive through our minds. It’s in this other... ()

Read more: “The safest characterization of Western Philosophy is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato” …or, so says Alfred North Whitehead. In this episode, find out how the philosophic agenda for the last 2500 years was set by dude whom history honors with the nickname “Tubby.” Along the way, we introduce the... ()

Read more: What is justice? What is virtue? In a world governed by unexamined assumptions and pretenses to knowledge, is there value to revisiting these fundamental questions? This is the guiding question asked by Socrates of Athens, a 70-year-old sculptor known by the Oracle of Delphi as “the wisest man in the world!”

Read more: Thanks to guys like Socrates and Plato, “sophist” is a dirty word! Were these itinerant teachers of rhetoric actually progressive thinkers who questioned the prevailing social mores of their time? Or were they unscrupulous charlatans who would talk out of both sides of their mouths for a drachma? Truth, justice, and virtue are at... ()

Read more: E Pluribus Unum or Ex Uno Plures? Is the fundamental nature of reality one thing, or many? In this final episode on the Pre-Socratic metaphysicists, find out what Greek philosophers like Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Democritus, and Leucippus had to say on the subject!

Read more: We give more well-deserved attention to Parmenides, exploring his mind-boggling assertion that all reality is one! After developing his thought in greater detail and offering up new criticisms, we’ll check our mail re-visit the Hebrew conception of the soul.

Read more: Before we can get to the great Athenian philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, we first need to learn what their contemporaries in Italy had to say about mathematics, the mind, and knowledge. From the ideas of thinkers like Pythagoras, Parmenides, and Zeno, we’ll lay the foundations of Rationalism, one of the two great... ()