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In this episode, we dig into Insulin Resistance in the Muscles. This is Part 1 of a two-part deep dive.

We keep it real, simple, and helpful. If you want clear steps to lower blood sugar and feel better, you’re in the right place.

• Insulin is a hormone. Think of it like a key. It opens your cells so sugar (glucose) can get in and be used for energy.
• When cells don’t respond well to insulin, that’s insulin resistance. Your body then makes more insulin to push sugar into cells. Over time, this is hard on your body and can raise weight.
• Insulin Resistance in the Muscles matters a lot. Your muscles take up about 80% of the sugar after you eat. When muscle cells resist insulin, blood sugar stays higher.
• Good news: exercise gives your muscles a second door for sugar that does not need insulin. Even a short walk after meals helps. The benefits can last up to 48 hours.

• What insulin does in your body (in simple words)
• How high insulin makes fat loss harder
• What causes insulin resistance
• How to test insulin resistance (fasting insulin)
• Why muscle is the main player for blood sugar control
• How movement opens a second pathway for sugar to get into muscle
• Easy walking tips that lower blood sugar fast

• 00:00 — Welcome to The Diabetes Podcast
• 00:01 — Insulin 101: the “key and lock” idea
• 00:03 — Where sugar goes: energy now or stored as glycogen or fat
• 00:04 — High insulin = storage mode (harder to burn fat)
• 00:05 — Causes of insulin resistance: too much refined food, too little movement, visceral fat, poor sleep, stress
• 00:08 — How to test: fasting insulin; why doctors don’t always order it
• 00:11 — High insulin can be there 10–20 years before a diabetes diagnosis
• 00:13 — The ripple effect: triglycerides, VLDL, HDL, and blood vessel risk
• 00:16 — Visceral fat is active tissue; it sends signals and raises inflammation
• 00:17 — Big point: muscles handle ~80% of post-meal glucose
• 00:18 — The exercise “second door”: AMPK, GLUT4, and RAC1 (simple explainers)
• 00:21 — The 48-hour window after exercise; real client story
• 00:24 — Research highlights: 30-min brisk walk, 2–5 min movement, and 10 min after meals
• 00:27 — Part 2 teaser: meds for muscle insulin resistance and what to do next

• Insulin is made by your pancreas.
• It helps sugar (from carbs like glucose, fructose, lactose) move from your blood into your cells.
• Cells use sugar for energy to breathe, move, and live.
• Sugar can also be stored in your liver and muscles as glycogen. Extra can be stored as fat.
• Insulin also tells your liver to stop making more sugar when you have enough.

When insulin is high for a long time, your body is in “storage mode.” That makes fat loss harder.

• Too much refined food (white bread, sweets, sugary drinks, ultra-processed snacks)
• Too little movement (a sedentary day)
• Visceral fat (fat around your belly and organs)
• Poor sleep and chronic stress (raises cortisol and lowers insulin sensitivity)

In short: too much energy in, not enough energy out, and stress on the system.

You often can’t feel it. It’s happening at the cell level. You can ask your doctor for a fasting insulin test.

• Test: Fasting insulin (after 8–12 hours without food)
• A red flag: fasting insulin above about 10–12 micro-units per milliliter
• Why it’s not ordered a lot:
  • Not part of basic labs
  • Results can vary day-to-day (stress, sleep, exercise)
  • It’s a snapshot, not a 3-month average like A1C

Important: high insulin can be present 10–20 years before type 2 diabetes shows up on A1C or fasting glucose.

• Diabetes diagnosis criteria often include:
  • A1C ≥ 6.5%
  • Fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL
  • Or a random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL with symptoms

Catching insulin resistance early matters.

When insulin isn’t working well:

• Fat cells get “leaky” and release more free fatty acids.
• The liver turns these into triglycerides and sends them out in VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) particles.
• VLDL are small and dense. They can slip into blood vessel walls and oxidize (like a rusty chair in the rain). That can start plaque problems.
• HDL (the “cleanup crew”) can get tossed off their normal job when triglycerides are high. This can lower their helpful action.

More visceral fat = more inflammation = more insulin resistance. It becomes a loop.

Skeletal muscle takes in about 80% of the sugar after a meal. That means Insulin Resistance in the Muscles is a huge driver of high blood sugar.

If the “insulin key” doesn’t open the door well, sugar stays in your blood. But your body has a backup plan during movement.

When you move, your muscles contract. That tells your muscle cells: “We need energy now!”

• AMPK: Think of this as an “energy alarm” inside the cell. It turns on during exercise.
• GLUT4: These are sugar “gateways” that move to the cell surface to let sugar in.
• RAC1: Helps move those gateways into place.

Together, they let sugar enter your muscles even if insulin isn’t working well. Bonus: this effect can last up to 48 hours after you stop moving.

Research findings we discussed:

• A 30-minute brisk walk can lower post-meal blood sugar spikes, even after higher-carb meals (Nutrients).
• Just 2–5 minutes of light walking after a meal can improve blood sugar (Sports Medicine).
• Ten minutes of walking after each main meal lowers post-meal blood sugar better than one 30-minute walk at another time of day (Diabetologia).

Who should not walk for 2 minutes after eating? Pretty much no one. If you’re safe to walk, it helps.

• After each meal, walk for 2–10 minutes. Around the room counts. Down the hall counts.
• On days you can, add a 30-minute brisk walk.
• Space your movement around meals for best results.
• Aim to move at least every other day to catch the 48-hour window.
• Ask your doctor about a fasting insulin test.

Small moves add up. Two minutes is enough to start.

• Insulin: A hormone that helps sugar move from blood into cells.
• Insulin resistance: Cells don’t respond well to insulin; sugar stays in the blood; insulin levels go up.
• Glycogen: Stored sugar in your liver and muscles.
• Triglycerides: Fats in your blood.
• VLDL: Tiny fat packages that can raise risk when they oxidize.
• HDL: “Good” cholesterol that helps clean up.
• AMPK: An energy sensor turned on by movement.
• GLUT4: Sugar doorways on muscle cells.
• RAC1: A helper that moves those doorways into place.

• Insulin Resistance in the Muscles
• fasting insulin test
• post-meal walking
• GLUT4 and AMPK
• visceral fat and blood sugar
• type 2 diabetes remission
• lower post-meal glucose

We’ll cover:

• Medications used for Insulin Resistance in the Muscles
• Downsides and trade-offs
• What you can do to beat meds at their own game

Disclaimer:

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