On this day, 17 March 1916, around half of the 12,000 women working at the Armstrong-Whitworth Elswick munitions factory in Newcastle went on strike for better pay. It was the biggest strike by women arms workers during World War I to date. Authorities were taken aback by the women's "great determination and cohesion", and a Ministry of Munitions' wage tribunal was swiftly held and resolved in the workers' favour, awarding all workers a pay increase on 24 March. In the aftermath of the action, Elswick hired a "welfare supervisor", along with 40 assistants, whose job was to try to break up organisation of women workers' at the plant. The supervisor, Miss Jayne, took over all hiring and supervision of women workers, and used more middle-class and "educated" women like former teachers and university graduates to supervise the unruly workers. However, the measures had limited success as the confidence of the workers had been massively increased, and they began threatening strike action on future occasions to improve their conditions. In 1917 the women walked out en masse once more winning union recognition, tea breaks and new toilets amongst other things. Numerous other employers in Britain also recruited "welfare supervisors" at the same time to try to stop strikes by women workers, although after the war ended and many women were pushed out of the workforce once more the practice stopped.
More information, sources and map: https://stories.workingclasshistory.com/article/8905/armstrong-whitworth-women-strike

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