Minerva talks about her first dining experience in a COVID world. Fredo tells us the history of the word Latinx.

Episode Sources:
https://themillions.com/2019/01/nepantla-and-gloria-anzalduas-queer-of-color-legacy.html

https://archive.org/stream/GutierrezPp.1953Notes/Gutierrez%20pp.%2019-53%20notes_djvu.txt

https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2013/10/22/three-fourths-of-hispanics-say-their-community-needs-a-leader/

https://soundcloud.com/latinousa/the-invention-of-hispanics

https://youtu.be/viyPQ1WnrFc

https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo15345128.html

https://www.amazon.com/Borderlands-Frontera-Mestiza-Gloria-Anzald%25C3%25BAa/dp/1879960850

https://songofthespirit.org/

Minerva and Fredo are honored to share with you the civil rights story of Mendez V. Westminster told by the documentarian herself, Sandra Robbie. Sandra briefly shares this story and we follow up with some interview questions. We hope you are as inspired by this story and Sandra's mission to get it in school curricula across the US, as we are.

Want to help Sandra get the word out?

Watch the documentary and tell all the educators you know to help the video to 1 million views before the end of the year!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F46Mlzt2tFc

Follow her on social media:
https://www.instagram.com/sandrarobbie/?hl=en
https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMeQtCDrf/

Check out Sandra Robbie's website:
https://www.sandrarobbie.com/

Trigger warning, this episode contains violent content.

Fredo and Minerva discuss the circumstances surrounding  Adam Toledo's murder. Minerva tells us the story of the murder of Santos Rodriguez, a 12-year-old boy murdered by a police officer in 1973.  Please listen at your discretion. Our hearts go out to the families of Adam Toledo and Santos Rodriguez and to the families of the countless black and brown people who have died at the hands of police violence. We would also like to acknowledge the pain that black and brown people relive when we discuss police violence. Sending love,  peace, and healing energy to all.

Episode Sources:

https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2013/07/27/retired-officer-remembers-the-night-santos-rodriguez-was-killed/

https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/mother-of-santos-rodriguez-reflects-on-dallas-officer-killing-young-son-47-years-ago/287-af5e7e0b-171d-4323-925d-545d96f13d60

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/25/archives/handcuffed-boy-12-shot-dead-in-squad-car-by-dallas-officer-bullet.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMBzbsLhX8k

https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/07/24/205121429/How-The-Death-Of-A-12-Year-Old-Changed-The-City-Of-Dallas

https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/virginia-police-army-lt-caron-nazario-america-s-bloody-traffic-ncna1263988

Fredo and Minerva mourn the loss of legendary rapper, DMX  and celebrate the impact of his music. Minerva tells us some myths and legends from Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and all over Latin America.

Episode Sources:

https://www.thoughtco.com/ecuadorian-legend-the-story-of-cantuna-2136635

https://www.whynotspanish.com/latin-american-folktales-legends/

https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/1226

Minerva and Fredo get excited about the vaccine. Fredo tells us about las soldareras. 

Episode Sources: 

https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1217&context=mcnair

https://www.history.com/news/women-mexican-revolution-soldaderas

https://www.teenvogue.com/story/the-real-history-of-las-soldaderas

https://www.history.com/news/6-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-mexican-revolution

https://iscmexicanrevolution.weebly.com/las-soldaderas--women-role.html

Fredo wants to understand why people can't appreciate Cardi B and Megan thee Stallion. Minerva just wants people to leave them alone. 

In solidarity with our Asian Fam, Minerva tells the story of Arlen Siu, a Chinese - Nicaraguan Activist, and Artist. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XfICWeGJhI Mi Vida, Mi Historia

https://feminacida.com.ar/la-lucha-de-arlen-siu-por-una-nicaragua-libre/

https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/w/nicaraguans-remember-arlen-siu

Minerva and Fredo chit-chat about what they're obsessing about on the phones. Fredo tells us about Dolores Huerta. Happy Women's History Month! 

Sources: 
https://doloreshuerta.org/dolores-huerta/

https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/dolores-huerta

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dolores-huertas-50-years-of-civil-rights-activism/

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/09/17/551490281/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/delano-grape-strike-begins-ufw

https://libraries.ucsd.edu/farmworkermovement/medias/oral-history/

Fredo wants to know what Minerva wore in the early 2000s. Minerva kicks off Women's History Month with the inspiring story of Rigoberta Menchu

Episode Resources: 
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1992/tum/biographical/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gW84cAN2Pw

I, Rigoberta Menchu, by Elisabeth Burgos-Debray and Rigoberta Menchú

Minerva thinks the BMI is a lie. Fredo shares part 2 of our many-part exploration of African influence on Latino music. This week we cover punta, palo de mayo, bomba, and salsa.  

Bomba

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/07/style/bomba-puerto-rico-music-dance.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RGqiGHWDrQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0vzkGKEWX4

Samba

https://study.com/academy/lesson/samba-music-history-and-instruments.html

http://www.sambassadorsofgroove.org.uk/history-of-samba.html

Song: Magaleha by Sergio Mendes

Salsa

https://www.salsagente.com/history-of-salsa-music-dance/#:~:text=Salsa%20represents%20a%20mix%20of,like%20Afro%2DCuban%20rumba).&text=Gradually%20in%20the%2050s%20and,know%20it%20today%20was%20emerging.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhMHALSw_ug

https://www.britannica.com/art/salsa-music

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltXfR_TIlEE

Song: Quimbara by Johnny Pacheco and Celia Cruz

Palo de Mayo

http://www.nicatour.net/en/nicaragua/palo-de-mayo.cfm

https://web.archive.org/web/20070914070005/http://www-ni.laprensa.com.ni/cronologico/2005/mayo/28/revista/

http://bluefieldspulse.com/maypolehistoryrescuingourculture.htm

Songs: Tululu by Dimension Costena

             Mayaya by Dimension Costena

Punta

http://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/garifuna.html

https://www.nicaragua.com/blog/punta-music-of-the-garifuna/

Song: Sopa de Caracol by Banda Blanca

Minerva and Fredo talk about the rules of watching TV in a relationship. Fredo tells us about Black influence on Latinx music. Since our African ancestors have had an inextricable and vast influence on our music, this episode focuses mostly on the Dominican Republic. Stay tuned for Part II, where we cover even more genres and more countries in Latin America. 


Sources: 

Bachata

https://blog.pimsleur.com/2018/12/14/pimsleurs-guide-to-latin-music-bachata/

https://www.goandance.com/en/blog/bachata/54-the-origins-and-evolution-of-bachata-dance#:~:text=Bachata%20arose%20around%20the%20middle,rejected%20by%20high%20level%20society.

https://1minutesalsa.com/bachata-dance/bachata-articles/what-is-bachata-dance-how-bachata-history-music-evolve/

Merengue

https://web.archive.org/web/20111125193720/http://www.iasorecords.com/music/merengue-tipico-perico-ripiao

https://www.britannica.com/art/merengue

https://www.centralhome.com/ballroomcountry/merengue.htm

General Stuff:

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=101140904