ASPIRANT VOICE (UPSC)

the Union Cabinet has approved the new National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system - from the school to college level.

The NEP 2020 aims at making “India a global knowledge superpower”.

The Cabinet has also approved the renaming of the Ministry of Human Resource Development to the Ministry of Education.

The NEP cleared by the Cabinet is only the third major revamp of the framework of education in India since independence.

The two earlier education policies were brought in 1968 and 1986.

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PVTGs are more vulnerable among the tribal groups.

They have declining or stagnant population, low level of literacy, pre-agricultural level of technology and are economically backward.

They generally inhabit remote localities having poor infrastructure and administrative support.

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The Centre, the governments of Mizoram and Tripura and leaders of Bru organisations signed a quadripartite agreement in January (2020).

Under the pact, the Home Ministry has committed to incur the whole expenditure of settlement in Tripura.

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The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in a recent move has announced that it will be integrating consumer grievances redressal under a single ombudsman as against three schemes working at present. The move comes at a time when there is an increase in digital transactions and the consumers have to face a lot of problems while getting their complaints redressed. The move is a step forward in the direction of customer empowerment and is an initiative towards providing speedy and inexpensive redressal to millions of users of India’s banking and non-banking infrastructure. Follow my telegram channel - https://t.me/aspirantvoice. Speak to me here - https://anchor.fm/aspirant-voice/message. Do follow me on Twitter- https://twitter.com/smurali236?s=09 , Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Aspirantvoiceupsc/ , Instagram- https://instagram.com/aspirant_voice_upsc?utm_medium=copy_link

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According to the report of WWF Water Risk Filter nearly a third of the 100 cities in the world susceptible to ‘water risk’ are in India. WWF Water Risk Filter

Launched in 2012, the Water Risk Filter is a practical online tool that helps companies and investors assess and respond to water-related risks facing their operations and investments across the globe.

Developed by WWF and the German finance institution DEG, the Water Risk Filter has become a leading and trusted source of water risk data for thousands of users – from multinational corporations and SMEs to financial institutions – which have used it to evaluate hundreds of thousands of specific sites.

After a major upgrade in 2018 and a wealth of new functions, the Water Risk Filter 5.0 enables companies and investors to Explore, Assess, Value and Respond to water risks. Lately, the Water Risk Filter provides scenarios of water risks for 2030 and 2050, integrating climate and socio-economic changes in three different pathways.

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Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has issued the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Adaptation of State Laws) Order, 2020.

On 5th August 2019, the Centre revoked J&K's special status under Article 370 and Article 35A of the Constitution and bifurcated it into the UTs of J&K and Ladakh.

The two revoked constitutional provisions let the state legislature decide the ‘permanent residents’, prohibiting a non-J&K resident from buying property there and ensuring job reservation for its residents.

There are 12 States, including Himachal Pradesh, where provisions of special status under Article 371 apply.

The provisions pertain to regulation of ownership and transfer of land in order to conserve the limited resources available for development and to ensure that the State preserves its unique identity.

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A heatwave refers to surface temperatures being significantly higher than normal for several days at a time.The World Meteorological Organization defines heatwaves as “five or more consecutive days during which the daily maximum temperature surpasses the average maximum temperature by 5°C (9°F) or more”.However, there is no universally accepted definition for heatwaves. Heatwaves are measured relative to the usual weather in an area and the normal temperatures for the season, and so definitional differences are reflective of global climatic variations and the geographically variable nature of heatwaves and their impact. Several countries have adopted their own standards on heatwaves. The India Meteorological Department requires that temperatures should reach at least 40°C in the plains and at least 30°C in the hilly regions, and should reflect an increase of at least 5°C-6°C (or 9°F-10.8°F) above the normal temperature to be classified as a heatwave.The US National Weather Service defines a heatwave as a spell of “abnormally and uncomfortably hot and unusually humid weather” over two days or more.In Denmark, a heatwave occurs when the mean of the highest recorded temperature measured over three consecutive days exceeds 28°C (82.4°F). In Adelaide, Australia, a heatwave is defined as five straight days with temperatures at or above 35°C (95°F), or three consecutive days at or over 40°C (104°F).Heatwaves “may be characterized by low humidity, which may exacerbate drought, or high humidity, which may exacerbate the health effects of heat-related stress, which include heat exhaustion, dehydration and heatstroke”.Experts identify two facets to a heatwave—the physiological (centred on the general thermoregulation of the human body) and the sociological (focused on local adaptations to the climate). “The human thermoregulatory mechanism endeavors to maintain a constant core temperature for the body, which commonly requires that the internal heat generated by metabolism be transferred through the skin and, to a much lesser extent, the lungs to the surrounding atmosphere”.If the atmospheric conditions are such that the removal of body heat is hampered (as it may be during extreme heat events), the body’s core temperature will likely rise and cause health problems, and may culminate in death.

Heatwaves are a global phenomenon; around the world, days are getting hotter more frequently. The proportion of the Earth’s surface area that was subjected to scorching summers (significantly higher than the average temperatures) increased from 1 percent between 1951-80 to over 10 percent between 1981-2010.Record-breaking heat events were experienced in Australia, Argentina, China, Central Asia, large parts of Europe, Mexico, Japan, South Korea and the US in 2016,and there will almost certainly be an increase in frequency, severity, duration and the spatial extent of heatwaves in the future. Follow my telegram channel - https://t.me/aspirantvoice. Speak to me here - https://anchor.fm/aspirant-voice/message. Do follow me on Twitter- https://twitter.com/smurali236?s=09 , Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Aspirantvoiceupsc/ , Instagram- https://instagram.com/aspirant_voice_upsc?utm_medium=copy_link

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The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations aim to achieve decent lives for all people on a healthy planet by 2030.

17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015. It lays out a blueprint for people and the planet to live in peace and prosperity now and in the future. The agenda calls for urgent action by all the member countries to achieve the following 17 goals (with 169 targets and 304 indicators) by 2030. There are 3 pillars of sustainable development  - economic, social, and environmental. 

People have made mnemonics to remember the SDGs. However a problem with many of them is that you have to learn a bunch of SDGs together. Consider an acronym KOTA for 4 SDGs. Using it, one is not able to recall the SDGs individually - thus it is better to learn each goal individually. I have presented my methods of learning them. A few may seem convoluted. Pick and choose what you like, and for the rest you should make your own.

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SDG India Index

The index measures the progress at the national and sub-national level in the country’s journey towards meeting the Global Goals and targets.

It has been successful as an advocacy tool to propagate the messages of sustainability, resilience, and partnerships, as well.

From covering 13 Goals, 39 targets, and 62 indicators in the first edition in 2018-19 to 17 Goals, 54 targets and 100 indicators in the second; this third edition of the index covers 17 Goals, 70 targets, and 115 indicators.

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Who is part of the gig economy?                             

Companies, gig workers and consumers all make up the gig economy. The types of organizations that the gig economy can apply to range from technical positions to transportation positions.

For example, some industries that include gig economy jobs are:

ITSoftware developmentProject managementAccounting and financeEducationConstructionMedia and communicationsFreelance writingArts and designTransportationMaterial moving. A gig economy is a free market system in which temporary positions are common and organizations hire independent workers for short-term commitments. The term "gig" is a slang word for a job that lasts a specified period of time; it is typically used by musicians. Examples of gig employees in the workforce could include work arrangements such as freelancers, independent contractors, project-based workers and temporary or part-time hires. Follow my telegram channel - https://t.me/aspirantvoice. Speak to me here - https://anchor.fm/aspirant-voice/message. Do follow me on Twitter- https://twitter.com/smurali236?s=09 , Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Aspirantvoiceupsc/ , Instagram- https://instagram.com/aspirant_voice_upsc?utm_medium=copy_link

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