After spending nine months in space, two U.S. astronauts are finally preparing to return to Earth. But what challenges will they face after such a long time in microgravity?

Phil speaks with Professor Patrick Humbert, space biology expert and Director of the La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, to explore how the human body adapts to space and what happens during the transition back to Earth.

Professor Humbert explains that while astronauts may seem to float effortlessly in space, the reality is far more complex. Long-term exposure to microgravity can lead to muscle and bone loss, fluid build-up, immune system changes, and even cognitive issues like brain fog. Space radiation also increases cancer risk.

To counteract these effects, astronauts follow strict exercise and nutrition plans while in orbit. However, once they return to Earth, they may struggle with balance issues and an increased risk of falls as their bodies readjust to gravity. Fortunately, most of these effects are reversible within days, weeks, or months.

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