Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering 7 notable papers spanning diagnostic overreach and risk stratification, influenza prevention and transmission, and the practicalities of dosing and trial design. Let's dive in.

This week's papers:

1. Quantitative PCR Bacterial Levels Cannot Distinguish Recurrent UTI from Other Non-infectious Urinary Symptoms — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
2. Evolution of Untreated Anal High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in High-risk Men: A Prospective 5-year Clinical Follow-up in the ANRS-EP57-APACHES study — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
3. Whole genome sequencing of influenza virus transmission pairs confirms the efficacy of baloxavir in reducing household transmission — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
4. Influenza Vaccination and Symptom Burden in Ambulatory Patients with Confirmed Influenza: Evidence from Case-ascertained Household Transmission Studies — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
5. Low Cord Blood Titers Are Associated with Prolonged Maternal RSV Antibody Half-Lives in Preterm Infants — The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2026
6. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Aztreonam-Avibactam in Critically Ill Patients with CRKP Infections and Variable Renal Function: A Case Series — International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2026
7. Guiding principles for pragmatic randomised trials of tuberculosis treatments — The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering 10 notable papers spanning antimicrobial resistance — from new society guidance through to shifting molecular epidemiology and stewardship — plus global infectious disease trials in tuberculosis and malaria, and finally prevention and care delivery, including respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis and longitudinal human im…

This week's papers:

1. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2026 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
2. Evaluation of patient centred digital adherence technology for tuberculosis treatment outcomes: pragmatic randomised controlled trial — BMJ 2026
3. Iron or Multiple Micronutrient Powder Supplements With Malaria Chemoprevention in Rural Malawian Children: The IRMA Randomized Clinical Trial — JAMA 2026
4. The Effectiveness of Nirsevimab on Antibiotic Use in Children Using Target Trial Emulation — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
5. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with bacteraemia caused by non-carbapenemase-producing, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales — Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2026
6. Changing molecular epidemiology and resistance patterns of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in California long-term acute care hospitals — The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2026
7. The effect of metformin on the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in adults with tuberculosis — Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2026
8. Association between tazobactam-piperacillin exposure and the subsequent emergence in gram-negative rods: Findings from a single-institution cohort study — International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2026
9. Early prediction of carbapenem resistance phenotype in ICU-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii infection before susceptibility reporting: a temporally validated study — International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2026
10. A Multistate Analysis of Longitudinal Care Outcomes Among People Newly Linked to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care in Missouri — Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering 10 notable papers spanning antiretroviral therapy and its metabolic consequences, the hard problems of bone, joint and central nervous system infections, drug safety and regimen simplification, and outbreak and post-pandemic epidemiology. Let's dive in.

This week's papers:

1. Initial HIV Therapy for Adults and Treatment-Associated Weight Gain: The Opti-DOR Randomized Clinical Trial — JAMA 2026
2. A review of Bundibugyo virus and the 2026 outbreak: lessons for epidemic preparedness — The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2026
3. The Clean Margin in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: Conceptual Appeal, Practical Uncertainty — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
4. Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid During Curative Treatment of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Pre-Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculous Meningitis — Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2026
5. Staphylococcus epidermidis implant-associated bone and joint infections: high rates of multiresistance associated with treatment failure — International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2026
6. Vonoprazan-Based Dual and Quadruple Therapy with Varying Duration for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial — International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2026
7. Pharmacogenomic Variability in Adolescents and Youth with Virologic Rebound While Receiving Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine: A Multi-case Series — International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2026
8. Risk stratification of voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity through therapeutic drug monitoring combined with the albumin-bilirubin score: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan — International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2026
9. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Antivirals for COVID-19 in the Post-vaccine, Omicron Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis — Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2026
10. Individual-level Factors Associated With Acute Hospitalization After Medically Attended Acute Gastroenteritis and Norovirus Gastroenteritis in the United States, 2022-2024 — Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering 6 notable papers spanning pediatric pneumonia trials, microbiome dynamics in transplant recipients, influenza antiviral utilization, tuberculosis biomarkers, and vector-borne and vaccine-preventable outbreaks. Let's dive in.

This week's papers:

1. Oral step-down, optimal drug, and total duration of antibiotic treatment in African children hospitalised with severe community-acquired pneumonia (PediCAP): a factorial randomised controlled trial. — Lancet (London, England) 2026
2. Enteric Microbiome Features that Contribute to Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients Colonized with Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacterales. — The Journal of infectious diseases 2026
3. Antiviral Dispensing for Influenza Outpatients Younger Than 65 Years With Comorbidities: A Retrospective Cohort Study. — Open forum infectious diseases 2026
4. Associations Between QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus IFNγ Concentrations and Progression to Symptomatic Tuberculosis in Global High-Burden TB Settings. — Open forum infectious diseases 2026
5. Genomic and Epidemiologic Insights into Ongoing Measles Outbreak, Israel, 2025-2026. — Emerging infectious diseases 2026
6. Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness in Pediatric Patient, New York, USA, 2025. — Emerging infectious diseases 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering 6 notable papers spanning major clinical themes, including the optimization of treatment for opportunistic infections in vulnerable pediatric and adult populations, the evolving landscape of antimicrobial resistance and diagnostic speed, and the public health tradeoffs of expanding preventative therapies. Let's dive in.

This week's papers:

1. Empirical treatment with valganciclovir in infants living with HIV and hospitalised with severe pneumonia in Africa: a multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, controlled, superiority trial. — Lancet (London, England) 2026
2. Comparator Choice in Helicobacter pylori Eradication: Tegoprazan-Amoxicillin Dual Therapy Versus an Optimized Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy in a Randomized Trial and Meta-Analysis. — International journal of antimicrobial agents 2026
3. Evaluating Rapid Diagnostics for Severe Infections and Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on behalf of the Hellenic Microbiological Society and the Hellenic Society of Chemotherapy. — International journal of antimicrobial agents 2026
4. Cefiderocol non-susceptibility among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: Data from the 2024 Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) programme. — International journal of antimicrobial agents 2026
5. Characteristics of Mortality in HIV-negative Cryptococcosis Patients: Analysis of a Cohort of 743 Patients. — Open forum infectious diseases 2026
6. Potential Risks and Benefits of Low-Barrier Access and Monitoring for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis: A Modeling Study. — The Journal of infectious diseases 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering eight notable papers spanning antimicrobial resistance strategies, viral prevention and treatment optimization, and clinical outcomes in vulnerable global populations. Let's dive in.

This week's papers:

1. Temocillin versus carbapenems for bacteraemia due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in Spain (ASTARTÉ): a multicentre, phase 3, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised clinical trial. — Lancet 2026
2. Virologic insights from the phase 3 REDPINE trial: remdesivir in renally impaired and immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. — Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2026
3. The Effect of Prevaccination Analgesics on Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity and Effectiveness. — The Journal of infectious diseases 2026
4. HIV capsid inhibitors: Mechanisms, resistance, and therapeutic advances. — PLoS pathogens 2026
5. Protective effects of influenza B neuraminidase antibodies against symptomatic influenza virus infection. — The Journal of infectious diseases 2026
6. In-hospital and post-discharge mortality among infants with respiratory syncytial virus in rural Kenya: a 25-year retrospective cohort study. — The Lancet. Global health 2026
7. Safety evaluation of pretomanid, an anti-tuberculosis drug, for the treatment of pregnant and lactating women. — Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2026
8. Mechanisms involved in cefiderocol resistance in French clinical strains. — Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we are covering ten notable papers spanning three broad themes: optimizing antibiotic selection, dosing, and duration in bacteremia and focal infections; improving screening and diagnostic strategies for chronic and fastidious pathogens; and standardizing our clinical communication and research definitions to improve patient care. Let us dive i…

This week's papers:

1. Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Uncomplicated Monomicrobial Enterococcal Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Target Trial Emulation. — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
2. A review of the randomized clinical trial results from the Staphylococcus aureus network adaptive platform (SNAP) meticillin-susceptible (MSSA) and penicillin-susceptible (PSSA) domains and CloCeBa. — The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2026
3. Reconsidering ambiguous language in infectious disease consult recommendations. — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
4. Incidence and factors associated with subtherapeutic cefazolin levels among patients with severe infections. — The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2026
5. Phone-based screening versus home-based screening after tuberculosis in India (TB Aftermath): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. — The Lancet. Global Health 2026
6. Defining Success and Failure In Prosthetic Joint Infections: A Meta-epidemiologic Study Toward A Core Outcome Set. — Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2026
7. Vancomycin Penetration into Intra-abdominal Compartments: Site Concentration Disparities and Implications for Dose Optimization in Gram-Positive Infections. — International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2026
8. Larger Blood Volume Increases Detection of Fastidious Mycobacteria and Fungi in Blood Culture. — Clinical Infectious Diseases 2026
9. Optimizing Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Testing Strategy and Setting: Results From a Large Real-World Screening Program. — Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2026
10. Expert consensus on case definitions in human loiasis: a Delphi study. — The Lancet. Infectious Diseases 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering 10 notable papers spanning global outbreak modeling and vector dynamics, novel therapeutic strategies for chronic viral and bacterial infections, and emerging diagnostic and environmental health insights. Let's dive in.

This week's papers:

1. Size of the 2026 Ebola outbreak and risk of cross-border spillover from Bundibugyo virus in Ituri Province, DR Congo, and its implications for preparedness: a recalibrated stochastic modelling study. — The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2026
2. The origin, history, and resistance architecture of an invasive urban malaria mosquito in Africa. — Science 2026
3. A Streptomyces megacluster encodes synergistic biotin-targeting antibiotics. — Nature 2026
4. Prevalence and epidemiological patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in sub-Saharan Africa, 1964-2025: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. — PLoS medicine 2026
5. Klebsiella genus as driver of human disease: from infections to non-communicable disorders. — Nature reviews. Microbiology 2026
6. FDG-PET/CT Demonstrates Superior Detection of Multiorgan Involvement in Paracoccidioidomycosis Compared with Conventional Staging. — Clinical infectious diseases 2026
7. WHO estimates of the global, regional, and national disease burden of nine foodborne chemicals, 2000-21: an updated data synthesis. — The Lancet. Global health 2027
8. Phase 3 Results of Bepirovirsen Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. — The New England journal of medicine 2026
9. Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 LP.8.1-adapted SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against COVID-19-associated hospitalisation and death: a Danish nationwide cohort study. — The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2026
10. An anaerobic pathogen rewires host metabolism to fuel oxidative growth in the inflamed gut. — Cell 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering 10 notable papers spanning major clinical trials in bacterial infections, new data on vaccine effectiveness for COVID-19 and Mpox, and a look at the future of antimicrobial discovery and global disease surveillance. Let's dive in.

This week's papers:

1. An HIV vaccine blueprint. — Science (New York, N.Y.) 2026
2. Neutralising antibody responses to MPXV clades Ia, Ib, and IIb after infection or vaccination: a multicountry observational study. — The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2026
3. Fosfomycin as Oral Transition Therapy Versus Continued Intravenous β-Lactams for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial. — Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2026
4. Deep learning-enabled discovery of antibiotics effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. — Science translational medicine 2026
5. Engineered antibodies bypass bacterial immune evasion to drive complement-mediated protection against lethal infections. — Science translational medicine 2026
6. Estimated Effectiveness of 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults. — JAMA internal medicine 2026
7. Analysis of 173,303 exomes and genomes in the Pakistan Genome Resource. — Nature 2026
8. WHO estimates of the global, regional, and national burden of 14 foodborne diarrhoeal enteric hazards, 2000-21: an updated data synthesis. — The Lancet. Global health 2026
9. Identification of host gene transcripts by machine learning and their application to predict outcome in Ebola virus disease. — The Journal of infectious diseases 2026

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Welcome to This Week in Infectious Disease. This week we're covering 10 notable papers spanning practical hospital-based infection control, the intricacies of host-virus interactions, and the latest in global health epidemiology and policy. Let's dive in.

This week's papers:

1. Cost-effectiveness of Commercial or Traditional Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection. — Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2026
2. SARS-CoV-2 variant booster vaccination and infection alter the breadth of the memory B cell repertoire. — Science translational medicine 2026
3. GPR15-guided CD8T regulatory cells control intestinal inflammation. — Nature 2026
4. Understanding sugar-sweetened beverage tax implementation globally: a 34-year, population-based observational study in 183 countries. — The Lancet. Global health 2026
5. Inclusion of young adolescents in policy development for new tuberculosis vaccines. — The Lancet. Global health 2026
6. Effectiveness of oral care for the prevention of non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAPPEN): a multicentre, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial in Australia. — The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2026
7. Zoster Vaccination and Dementia: Interpreting the Signal and Testing the Mechanisms. — Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2026
8. Molecular Epidemiology to Decipher the Transmission Networks of MPOX in an Outbreak Scenario: Applications in Thailand during the 2023 Global Health Emergency. — The Journal of infectious diseases 2026
9. Implementing the commitments of the World Health Assembly kidney health resolution: a key opportunity to improve health for millions. — Lancet (London, England) 2026
10. Systematic discovery of pro- and anti-HIV host factors in primary human CD4+ T cells. — Cell 2026

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