AuditCasts with David Hoelzer

Greetings!

A few quick things. First, many folks from the class said that they knew others in the office who should attend this class. If you do know someone like that, there’s a vLive class (taught completely online, two nights each week over six weeks) starting on August 4. I’m pretty sure that there’s even an offer to get an Apple Laptop or get $850 off of the class for the session that’s starting up. If you know someone who would benefit from attending, auditor or not, please let them know! (Discount/laptop deal: https://www.sans.org/vlive/specials - AUD507 - https://www.sans.org/vlive/details/35515)

Here are the course notes that I made during our recent 507 class. If there’s something else that you’re looking for that I forgot to include below, please let me know! Also, please remember that you can use your existing VPN credentials to our lab to connect to and work on the AuditWars challenge at https://score.enclaveforensics.com. Of course, that link will only work if you are already connected to our VPN (Don’t forget to run the interface as an administrator!) Finally, I’ve attached a set of handy Powershell scripts that a student donated to the end of this email. To use them you will want to open them up and search for the word “insert” so that you can insert the relevant information from your domain.

If you try to watch the Lab videos (Disks 3 & 4) and find that some of them don’t seem to work, it is probably a missing Codec. If you go to http://videolan.org and download that *free* player, they work just fine. :)

Feel free to link to me: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=34778231

I also try to tweet useful stuff now and then: http://twitter.com/it_audit

And periodically post useful YouTube videos: https://www.youtube.com/user/DHAtEnclaveForensics

Have a great day!

Day 2 Stuff:

Router Auditing: http://auditcasts.com/screencasts/2-do-differences-matter

NMap Management & Auditing Scripts: http://www.unspecific.com/nmap

WPA2 PSK Hacking Demo: http://auditcasts.com/screencasts/3-auditing-hacking-wpa-wpa2

Finding Wireless Clients: http://auditcasts.com/screencasts/4-can-you-hear-me-now

NMap Difference Tracking: http://auditcasts.com/screencasts/5-herding-the-cats

NMap Difference Tracking Continued: http://auditcasts.com/screencasts/6-cat-herding-part-deux-nmap-differences

Day 3:

Fuzzing with WebScarab: http://auditcasts.com/screencasts/8-effective-webscarab-fuzzing

Scaling WebApp Fuzzing: http://it-audit.sans.org/blog/2011/07/25/scaling-input-fuzzing-with-webscarab

Day 4:

Getting users:

dsquery user -s 507dc.enclaveforensics.com -u auditor -p Password1

Getting users whose passwords never expire:

dsquery * -filter "(&(objectCategory=Person)(ObjectClass=User)

(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=65536))" -s

507dc.enclaveforensics.com -u auditor -p Password1

Bit masking for LDAP:(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=####)

Users who are not required to have a password:

dsquery * -filter "&(objectCategory=Person)(objectClass=User)

(useraccountcontrol:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=544)"

-s 507dc.enclaveforensics.com -u auditor -p Password1 -attr samaccountname

Getting last logon timestamps:

dsquery * -filter "(&(objectCategory=Person)(objectClass=user))" -attr

lastLogonTimeStamp sAMAccountName -s 507dc.enclaveforensics.com

-u auditor -p Password1

Useful bit values for UAC:

2 Disabled Account

16 Locked Out

32 Password not required (can be blank)

512 Normal account

65536 Password never expires

http://auditcasts.com/screencasts/19-detecting-signs-of-apt-and-malware

UAC values:

http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;Q305144

Heartbleed has been making headlines for the last week and you can find some saying that it's 11 out of 10 on the impact scale while others are downplaying the severity of the flaw and the long term impact. What's the real deal? What are you telling your CEO when he asks you what this means for your company?

In this short video we'll take a look at how quickly and easily a site can be attacked and then we'll look at actual captured data to see what the impact could be. With that data as context we'll explain to you why this matters and what it means for your company if your server was vulnerable.

Especially since there is mounting evidence that this vulnerability was known by attackers since as early as October of 2013, organizations could be looking at massive amounts of leaked data from busy vulnerable servers.

Layer 2 management protocols like STP, MSTP, TRILL, SPB, CDP, VTP, HSRP, etc., should never be visible on user facing ports. There are some technical challenges when deploying something like VOIP in a converged network solution, but barring this, having these protocols exposed is an easy to find and obvious indication of misconfiguration.

In this short video we look at a quick intro to Wireshark, look at a few of the features and see easy ways to find these packets if they are visible. We also talk about how a network engineer or security engineer would weed out traffic, identifying interesting traffic that does not belong.

This video is a sample of one of the labs covered in the SANS Advanced Audit course (AUD507) by David Hoelzer. Visit http://www.sans.org for more information!

Virtualization is here to stay. That's not to say it's a bad thing, but among the things that we spend some time talking about in the SANS Audit 507 course are the most common and most serious security mis-configurations and hazards that we find in virtualized environments. Also in the course we spend time demystifying the VMWare Best Practices guide and give super clear reasons why some of what it recommends is just plain old bad advice!

This video, however, gives you a brief 34 minute look at one of the lab exercises in that audit/security course. The lab will give you broad-brush familiarity with the vSphere management client, discuss common issues in ESXi configurations in addition to demonstrating how to get specific data that is related to some of the more common problem areas in these systems. For a more detailed discussion into this topic and many others you might consider this class: http://www.sans.org/course/auditing-networks-perimeters-systems

UNIX systems, at least up to a point, tend to be deterministic systems. This is quite different from Windows hosts which are completely non-deterministic.

What this means for the System Administrator and the Auditor is that it is not only possible to accurately baseline which processes should be running on the system but also to tie those processes to specific process ID numbers! Especially when faced with detecting compromise and the possible installation of malware, this becomes an incredibly valuable detection technique. If malware is installed by an attacker it will typically be installed in such a way that it will automatically restart the next time that the system is booted. Since We now have a baseline of which processes should be running and also know precisely which process IDs they should have, even if the malware is hidden we can see that it has displaced the process IDs!

It's pretty important that any system baseline include a list of all network services that are running on the system. Additionally, the baseline should include information on which binary, possibly even which process, is using each port. This information allows system administrators to automatically detect possible compromises in addition to being a very simple system for detecting undocumented changes to systems by the auditors.

In this webcast we'll take a fast look at Netstat, the /etc/services file and lsof to see how we can quickly and easily extract the network service information that is particularly relevant for a baseline.

The installation of a file integrity testing tool should be a part of the standard install of any server class system in your environment. Not only does it allow for simple continuous monitoring and detection of unauthorized configuration changes, but it also allows for rapid damage assessment in the face of a compromise.

This episode will take a fast look at the open source version of Tripwire. We'll examine common configuration errors in addition to discussing how to automate reporting for an auditor effectively without having to give the auditor or security officer root access to the system.

In this short webcast we take a look at how to create a very basic shell script that will identify the initial run level of any Linux based system.

Linux systems today have two primary mechanisms that are used to start services during startup. The more traditional system (using inittab) and the more modern Upstart system. This screencast demonstrates logical testing for files, extracting output from a command and assigning it into an environment variable and basic AWK usage.

If you're an auditor or security administrator and you have UNIX systems in your environment then you will eventually have to learn how to use the UNIX command line. Unlike Microsoft Windows, UNIX graphical interfaces are really GUIs lying on top of command lines. In Windows you have a graphical operating system that happens to have a command line interface as well; quite different.

This video gives you a very basic crash course of a few commands and information on how to use the built-in UNIX manual to look up additional information. This video also mirrors the first few introductory pages of the UNIX lab material for students in the Audit 507 course offered through SANS.

Of all of the editors that are available in the UNIX environment, two are ubiquitous. One, the 'Ed' editor, is very unfriendly since it was really designed for use on a teletype. The second, "VI", or the Visual editor, is much better. In fact, despite its age, the vi editor remains extremely popular.

Part of what makes the editor so popular are the many commands and shortcuts designed to make large scale editing of virtually any size file very fast and very easy... At least relatively easy once you learn all of the shortcuts!

This video is intended to give you just enough of an introduction to make your way around and get started using the editor to do useful tasks.