Diagnosis, dosing, inpatient logistics, and the endocrine emergency hospitalists cannot miss.

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Nephritic vs nephrotic, the RPGN serology decoder, AIN vs ATN, TMA, myeloma cast nephropathy, rhabdo, and crystal nephropathy - the nine intrinsic buckets a hospitalist has to sort at the bedside.

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KDIGO staging, the pre/intrinsic/post framework, urine microscopy that actually changes management, and when to call nephrology - a hospitalist's field guide.

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A bedside playbook for IM residents and hospitalists - from the 3 AM critical sodium page to safe discharge. Correct too slowly and the brain swells; correct too fast and you cause osmotic demyelination. Almost every recommendation in this space exists to help you walk that tightrope.

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There is no single shock guideline. This episode stitches together the current evidence across the four shock phenotypes - cardiogenic, septic, hemorrhagic, and obstructive - plus a point-of-care ultrasound approach to the undifferentiated hypotensive patient, so you can recognize the phenotype and treat the cause rather than the blood pressure.

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An old-rule versus new-rule walk through two documents: the IDSA/SHEA 2021 antibiotic update that made fidaxomicin preferred and demoted metronidazole, and the AGA 2024 guideline that turned fecal microbiota-based therapy into a structured, risk-stratified recommendation whose answer flips entirely on immune status.

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A stopwatch walk through the time-critical window. The five-minute operational definition, first-line benzodiazepine dosing and route, second-line ASM choices, refractory SE and mandatory continuous EEG, and the ICS 2025 philosophy of hunting for the cause in parallel with stopping the seizure.

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Part two of a two-part stewardship curriculum: syndrome-by-syndrome empiric choices, de-escalation, and usual durations - from CAP and sepsis to endocarditis, bacteremia, and the resistant-organism curveballs, with what actually changed in 2024-2026 (the 2025 CAP steroid reversal, the first-ever IDSA complicated-UTI four-step framework, the seven-day gram-negative bacteremia rule, and the days-old 2026 Staph aureus bacteremia guidance)

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Part one of a two-part curriculum. How to reason from Gram stain to a narrow, correct regimen: the gram-negative and gram-positive coverage maps, organism-specific first-line logic, the MSSA-off-vancomycin reflex, the resistant-organism villains in plain language, and the four stewardship habits - de-escalation, culture interpretation, IV-to-oral, and source control - with when to call ID

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The complications deep dive: hepatic encephalopathy and the ammonia trap, reading the ascitic tap and the SBP prophylaxis controversy, variceal bleeding drug and PPI decisions, HRS-AKI with terlipressin guardrails, why chest tubes harm in hepatic hydrothorax, and using ACLF grade rather than MELD alone to drive the transfer and transplant conversation

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