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On this episode we sit down with Dr. Robert VanSaun from Pennsylvania State University and Dr. Andrea Mongini of M&M Veterinary Practice and Ewetopia Dairy in Denair, CA to discuss feeding goat kids from 2 days of age until weaning. This is the second half of our 2 part series on youngstock nutrition. Listeners are encouraged to email [email protected] with feedback and questions to be addressed to our content experts.

Topics of conversation include options for feeding growing kids on bottles; pros and cons of feeding goat's milk, cow's milk or milk replacer; cleaning feeding equipment; nutritional requirements of young goats; managing coccidia, and more.

Helpful Links:

Basic Small Ruminant Nutrition:
https://bovine-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/bovine/index.php/AABP/article/view/3553

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to [email protected]

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On this episode we sit down with Dr. Robert VanSaun from Pennsylvania State University and Dr. Andrea Mongini of M&M Veterinary Practice and Ewetopia Dairy in Denair, CA to discuss colostrum management. This is part 1 of a 2 part series on youngstock feeding. Listeners are encouraged to email [email protected] with feedback and questions to be addressed to our content experts.

Topics of conversation include options for feeding newborn kids, evaluating colostrum replacers and natural colostrum, heat treatment of goat colostrum, storage recommendations, comparison of bovine quality parameters with caprine.

Helpful Links:
Using a Brix refractometer for colostrum evaluation:
https://extension.psu.edu/colostrum-management-tools-hydrometers-and-refractometers

Assessment of Goat Colostrum Quality and Passive Transfer:
https://extension.psu.edu/colostrum-management-tools-hydrometers-and-refractometers

Heat Treatment of Goat Colostrum:
https://www.extension.iastate.edu/dairyteam/files/page/files/DairyGoatColostrumManagementFactsheet.pdf

Colostrum Management for Commercial Goat Production:
https://ontariogoat.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Colostrum-Management-Book-LR.pdf

Tube Feeding Goat Kids:
https://extension.wsu.edu/wam/tube-feeding-neonatal-small-ruminants-an-essential-skill-for-sheep-and-goat-farmers/

Basic Small Ruminant Nutrition:
https://bovine-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/bovine/index.php/AABP/article/view/3553

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to [email protected]

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Today we are talking with Dr. Virginia Fajt from Texas A&M University  and Dr. Paul Plummer from Iowa State University about the development and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and how it relates to food-producing animals. 

Topics discussed include: The significance of antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals; the difference between antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance; how resistance develops and how to prevent it; antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and much more!

Helpful Links:
AVMA Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance:
https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance

AVMA Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Affecting Animal Health:
https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance/antimicrobial-resistant-pathogens-affecting-animal-health

AASRP Guidance for Antimicrobial Stewardship
http://www.aasrp.org/resources/AASRPantimicrobial3F.pdf

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank for estimated withdrawal intervals for extralabel drug use:

http://www.farad.org/

Antimicrobial resistance genes found in bacteria used as probiotics:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160519303198

AVMA Committee on Antimicrobials:
https://www.avma.org/membership/volunteering-avma/councils-committees-task-forces-and-trusts/committee-antimicrobials

National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE):
https://www.niamrre.org/

**We want your feedback! Email [email protected] and let us know how you are involved with dairy goats, what you think of the program, and send us questions that you'd like to have answered on a later episode!

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to [email protected]

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*We want to hear from you! Send an email to [email protected] and let us know where you are listening from, how you are involved with the dairy community, and if you have any questions that you'd like our experts to answer in a future episode!*

Today we are talking with Dr. Virginia Fajt -- a boarded veterinary clinical pharmacologist from Texas A&M University -- about the in's and out's of how to use pharmaceuticals appropriately in dairy goats.

Topics discussed include: Appropriate drug selection for a small ruminant; withdrawal times, how they are determined and where to find them; what is FARAD and what do they do; accidental inappropriate drug or chemical exposure protocols; how meat and milk processing facilities prevent accidental drug residues from reaching consumers; safeguards for preventing treated animals/milk from leaving the farm.

Helpful Links:
AASRP Guidance for Antimicrobial Stewardship
http://www.aasrp.org/resources/AASRPantimicrobial3F.pdf

Databases for searching for approved drugs:

https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/views/#/search

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/

 
Federal regulations about extralabel drug use:

https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-E/part-530?toc=1

 
FDA resource for veterinarians about extralabel drug use:

https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/resources-you/ins-and-outs-extra-label-drug-use-animals-resource-veterinarians

 
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank for estimated withdrawal intervals for extralabel drug use:

http://www.farad.org/

 
Details about how withdrawal times are established for approved drugs:

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cvm-gfi-3-general-principles-evaluating-human-food-safety-new-animal-drugs-used-food-producing

 
Compliance policy guide about using feed additives extra-label in minor species:

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-615115-extralabel-use-medicated-feeds-minor-species

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to [email protected]

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On this episode we sit down with Dr. Joan Dean Rowe from the University of California - Davis and Dr. Roselle (Rosie) Busch from the University of California's Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources to discuss strategies for maintaining and improving udder health during the dry period. 

Topics of conversation include a basic overview of the physiology of a goat's lactation and dry period; discussion of dry-off protocols and considerations for which strategy to apply to a given herd; the National Mastitis Council's Five-Point Mastitis Control Plan, its effects on the bovine dairy industry, and how it can be applied to dairy goat production; considerations for intramammary dry-off antimicrobial use in dairy goats; overview of the Iowa State University/UC Davis dry tube research project.

Helpful Links:
National Mastitis Council's Five-Point Plan: https://www.nmconline.org/2018/02/06/nmc-speakers-address-the-five-point-mastitis-control-plan/#:~:text=NMC's%20five%20points%20include%3A%20post,maintenance%20and%20culling%20problems%20cows.

Order form for the Dairy Goat Production Handbook (Langston University): http://www.luresext.edu/sites/default/files/DGPHorderform_1stEdition_case_spiral.pdf

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to [email protected]

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On this episode we sit down with Dr. Fauna Smith from the University of California - Davis to discuss milk quality on goat dairies of all sizes. 

Topics of conversation include federal and state milk safety regulations, metrics for evaluating milk quality, components of producing quality milk, milking equipment maintenance, troubleshooting basic milk quality issues, and considerations for differences between goat and cow dairy production metrics. 

Helpful Links:
State Milk Laws: https://www.ncsl.org/research/agriculture-and-rural-development/raw-milk-2012.aspx

National Mastitis Council - Guidelines for evaluating teat skin condition: https://www.nmconline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Guidelines-for-Evaluating.pdf

Penn State University - Equipment Maintenance for Milkers: https://extension.psu.edu/equipment-maintenance-for-milkers

University of Minnesota - Maintenance and Monitoring of Milking Equipment on the Dairy Farm: https://www.vetmed.umn.edu/sites/vetmed.umn.edu/files/oct_26_230_thomson_china_monitoring_milk_equipment_2016.pdf

American Dairy Goat Association Dairy Herd Improvement Registry (ADGA DHIR): https://adga.org/performance-programs/production-testing/

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database (FARAD) - http://www.farad.org/

Charm SLBL test kit (validated for detecting 5 beta lactam antibiotics in goat milk): https://www.charm.com/products/test-and-kits/antibiotic-tests/rosa-lateral-flow/slbl-charm-sl-beta-lactam-test/

FDA Grade "A" Milk Safety Program: https://www.fda.gov/federal-state-local-tribal-and-territorial-officials/state-cooperative-programs/fda-grade-milk-safety-program#:~:text=The%20FDA's%20Milk%20Safety%20Cooperative,milk%20products%20for%20human%20consumption.

College of Veterinary Medicine Milk Quality Laboratories (non-exhaustive list): 
California - https://www.vmtrc.ucdavis.edu/laboratories/milk-quality-laboratory
Georgia - https://vet.uga.edu/diagnostic-service-labs/milk-quality-laboratory/
Iowa - https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdl/laboratory/bacteriology/bacti-milk-quality
Minnesota - https://vdl.umn.edu/laboratories/laboratory-udder-health-luh/laboratory-udder-health-overview
New York - https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/programs/quality-milk-production/about

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to [email protected]

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Today we are talking with Dr. Andrea Mongini of M&M Veterinary Service and Ewetopia Dairy in Denair, California about the significance of somatic cell counts (SCC) and how this metric can be utilized to evaluate milk quality and udder health. 

Topics discussed include: significance of somatic cells in milk production, United States SCC limits and benchmarks, causes of elevated SCC, methods for evaluating SCC, basic troubleshooting for tracking down a high somatic cell outbreak.

Helpful links:
- AASRP: Find a small ruminant veterinarian: http://www.aasrp.org/about/find_a_vet.asp
-  Canadian Mastitis Network: California Mastitis Test procedure: https://youtu.be/YRbH_E7JtTU
- University of Minnesota: Easy Culture System: https://vdl.umn.edu/laboratories/laboratory-udder-health-luh/minnesota-easyr-culture
- National Mastitis Council: Order the Laboratory Handbook on Bovine Mastitis: https://www.nmconline.org/publications/


This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to [email protected]

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Today we are talking with Dr. Joan Dean Rowe from UC Davis and Ryan Andrus from Bridgman Hill Farm about the importance of utilizing permanent individual animal identification and records in maintaining milk quality and animal health. 

Topics discussed include: Importance of permanent/official ID, options for identification types, when to apply ID, integrating ID with electronic records, goats losing ID, record system types, frequency of recording data, deciding who records data, and tracking drug use & equipment maintenance as well as production metrics.

Helpful links:
American Dairy Goat Association - How to tattoo a dairy goat
https://adga.org/adga-tattoo-policy-how-to-tattoo-a-dairy-goat/

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to [email protected]

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An introduction to Season 1 of Baa's and Bleat's with Dr. Kelly Still-Brooks and Dr. Michelle Buckley. This season will focus on improving milk quality in dairy goats through records management, mastitis detection, dry-off protocols, colostrum management, and appropriate use of pharmaceuticals. 
Questions can be emailed to [email protected]

Sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.