The episode traces the history of Iraq from antiquity to the 20th century, focusing on the role of oil in shaping the country's politics, economy, and society. Through a combination of historical accounts, documentary analysis, and interviews, the book explores how Iraq's oil resources have been the subject of conflict, colonial ambitions, and international intrigue. The author, Edwin Black, describes the origins of the oil trade in the region, the influence of European powers during the First and Second World Wars, and the socio-political consequences of the nationalization of the oil industry. In particular, the book addresses the issue of Arab-Israeli relations and the Iraqi Jewish diaspora, highlighting the role of oil in regional politics.