Debora Spar gives opening remarks and introduces the
first panel discussion of this year's conference, which includes
panelists Lori Andrews, Wendy Chavkin, Leith Mullings and Loretta Ross.
Increased demand for assisted reproductive technology (ART) and
transnational adoption has been propelled by a number of factors,
including the development of new technologies and changes in familial
form - such as childrearing in second or third marriages; lesbian, gay,
and transgendered families; and delays in childbearing and subsequent
difficulties in conception - that make ART helpful. Other relevant
factors include environmental changes that have negatively affected
fertility levels, new levels of transnational migration and interaction
that have fueled awareness of babies available for and in need of
adoption, and concerns about genetic diseases and disabilities.
Effectively, the various imperatives and the desires, both cultural and
personal, that the use of ART fosters and responds to, have created a
"baby business" that is largely unregulated and that raises a number of
important social and ethical questions. Do these new technologies place
women and children at risk? How should we respond ethically to the
ability of these technologies to test for genetic illnesses? And how can
we ensure that marginalized individuals, for example, people with
disabilities, women of color, and low-income women, have equal access to
these new technologies and adoption practices? And, similarly, how do we
ensure that transnational surrogacy and adoption practices are not
exploitative? These questions and many others on the global social,
economic and political repercussions of these new forms of reproduction
were the focus of this year's Scholar and Feminist Conference, "The
Politics of Reproduction: New Technologies of Life," which took place on
February 28, 2009 at Barnard College.