Think for a moment about the traditions that are commonly called Old Guard. The term itself describes a philosophy, not a group per se. A group of people existed that formed and worked toward developing this philosophy. Today we talk about the two main philosophies of BDSM that exist today and how BDSM history is unique from SM history. Recommended reading is A Lover's Pinch: A Cultural History of Sadomasochism https://amzn.to/3JUfz9Z