The text provides an extensive biographical overview of Benito Mussolini, charting his life from his birth in 1883 to his execution in 1945. It meticulously details his early political evolution from a socialist journalist to the founder and Duce of Fascism in Italy. The sources trace his rise to power as Prime Minister after the March on Rome, the subsequent establishment of his totalitarian regime, and his various roles in cabinet, including Minister of War and Foreign Affairs, noting his eventual military and political alliance with Nazi Germany and his involvement in World War II. Finally, the text covers his dismissal, imprisonment, rescue by German forces, leadership of the Italian Social Republic (Salò Republic), and eventual capture and violent death at the hands of partisans.