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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown. I'm Alex, joined as always by Jordan, and today we're digging into Linde's second quarter 2026 results — ticker LIN, the industrial gas giant.

JORDAN: Lots to unpack here, Alex. Records on one side, some real margin headaches on the other.

ALEX: Exactly — but before we get into it, quick reminder: this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

JORDAN: Good to have that out of the way. So let's start with the headline numbers.

ALEX: Linde posted record sales and EPS this quarter — both growing near double digits. Sales came in at $9.3 billion, up 9% year-over-year and 6% sequentially. EPS hit $4.50, up 10% from a year ago.

JORDAN: And the backlog story is honestly the standout. It jumped by $1 billion to a record $8.1 billion, driven by a huge new electronics win in the U.S. — advanced semiconductor fabs, tied right into the AI hardware buildout.

ALEX: CEO Sanjiv Lamba was pretty upbeat about that pipeline. He said he expects the backlog to still finish the year with an "eight handle" — meaning above $8 billion — even after they start up more than 20 projects worth about $1.3 billion in the back half.

JORDAN: That's the growth engine working exactly as designed. But here's the catch — margins didn't cooperate this quarter.

ALEX: Right, operating margins excluding cost pass-through actually declined about 30 basis points year-over-year. And management wasn't shy about saying they're "not satisfied" with that.

JORDAN: The big culprit is their U.S. home care business — Lincare. CFO Matt White said the drag from that business is running about 30% higher than analysts had modeled — so more like $130-plus million of margin headwind this year, not the $100 million some were estimating.

ALEX: That business has been fighting labor cost inflation and reimbursement policy changes. And interestingly, Sanjiv basically confirmed they're evaluating strategic options — could mean partial or full divestiture down the road.

JORDAN: Which is a pretty significant signal. When a CEO says "we're evaluating the strategic fit, in part and as a whole," that's corporate-speak for "this could be sold."

ALEX: Strip Lincare out, though, and the picture flips — Americas margins would've actually been up 20 basis points. So the core gases business is healthy; it's really this one legacy healthcare unit dragging things down.

JORDAN: There's also a smaller mix effect — higher hard goods and equipment sales, especially in packaged gas and electronics equipment in Asia Pacific, which are lower-margin but were framed as a good sign of manufacturing recovery.

ALEX: Let's talk end markets, because there's some genuinely interesting texture here. Electronics was the star — 18% growth year-over-year, driven by AI-related hardware demand and project startups.

JORDAN: And there was a nugget most people probably missed — a Taiwan joint venture is investing roughly $800 million to build and operate air separation units and hydrogen production for new semiconductor and advanced packaging facilities. That's not even in the official backlog number.

ALEX: Manufacturing was the fastest-growing industrial market, with aerospace alone contributing more than a third of that growth. And there's a real U.S. recovery narrative — package gas sales growing mid-to-high single digits, with hard goods up double digits.

JORDAN: Then there was the Strait of Hormuz question, which came up a few times in Q&A. Linde's helium supply has been disrupted by the broader Middle East situation, but Sanjiv said the team has actually used the disruption to sign new long-term helium customers, leveraging diverse supply sources.

ALEX: Pri

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Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown of the companies moving the market.

ALEX: Hey everyone, welcome back to Beta Finch! I'm Alex, here with Jordan, and today we're digging into Chevron's second quarter 2026 results. Before we get into it, quick disclaimer: this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

JORDAN: And there's a lot to get into here, Alex. Chevron really came out swinging this quarter.

ALEX: They did. Let's start with the headline numbers. Chevron reported earnings of $12.1 billion, or $6.11 per share. Adjusted earnings came in at $12 billion, or $6.06 a share. And CFO Eimear Bonner said that was up $9.2 billion versus last quarter.

JORDAN: That's a massive jump quarter-over-quarter. And it wasn't just a one-line-item story — upstream earnings rose on higher realizations and liftings, downstream got a boost from stronger refining margins. Basically both engines were firing.

ALEX: Right, and production tells the same story. Global upstream production grew more than 5% sequentially. In the U.S. specifically, they hit a new record of nearly 2.1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, plus record refinery throughput over 1 million barrels per day.

JORDAN: What stood out to me operationally was Tengizchevroil in Kazakhstan — production was up 170,000 barrels a day versus Q1. Management called it some of the best months they've ever had there. And they actually debottlenecked the third-generation plant, bumping nameplate capacity from 260,000 to 320,000 barrels of oil per day.

ALEX: That's a real engineering win — low capital, high payoff. Let's talk cash and the balance sheet, because this is where things get interesting for shareholders. Cash flow from operations excluding working capital was almost $20 billion. Adjusted free cash flow was $15.4 billion.

JORDAN: And they used that firepower to pay down over $8 billion in debt. Net debt to cash flow from operations is now just 0.6 times — that's a really strong balance sheet position.

ALEX: They also hit a cost-cutting milestone six months early — $3 billion in annual run-rate structural savings since 2024, with over 70% of that coming from actual efficiency gains rather than just layoffs or one-time cuts.

JORDAN: That's the more durable kind of savings too. Now, let's talk about the big strategic story here — the Hess acquisition just hit its one-year anniversary, and it sounds like it's going better than planned.

ALEX: Way better. They captured 50% more synergies than originally targeted — $1.5 billion realized, six months ahead of schedule. And CEO Mike Wirth emphasized Guyana is a world-class asset that should extend high-margin oil growth into the 2030s.

JORDAN: They're also finding upside in the Bakken they didn't fully appreciate before — drilling laterals 28% longer on average, maintaining production with one fewer rig. Sounds like Hess brought some operational know-how Chevron is now leveraging across the whole shale portfolio.

ALEX: Now here's the part that really caught my attention — the power business. Jeff Gustavson, their New Energies president, talked about Project Kilby: a 20-year take-or-pay power purchase agreement with Microsoft for 2.67 gigawatts of behind-the-meter capacity to support a data center complex.

JORDAN: This is Chevron essentially becoming a power supplier to AI infrastructure. And it's not small — they called it the only multi-gigawatt-scale project of its kind that's actually secured long-term customer commitments. Expected mid-teens returns, and cash flows that are independent of commodity price cycles, which is a really attractive diversification angle.

ALEX: Wirth was pretty clear

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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown of the companies moving the market. Today we're digging into Colgate-Palmolive's second quarter 2026 results. Before we get into it — quick disclaimer: this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

JORDAN: And there was a lot to dig into here, Alex. This was a "good news, but with an asterisk" kind of quarter.

ALEX: Exactly. Let's start with the headline numbers. Colgate delivered organic sales growth in four of five geographic divisions and three of four product categories. Gross margin expanded 100 basis points to a level that's up 90 basis points versus last quarter. Free cash flow was up 18%, and they returned $1.4 billion to shareholders. CFO Stan Sutula even raised the full-year gross margin guidance to roughly flat for the year — up from a prior expectation of a decline.

JORDAN: That raise is notable because it's not just a fluke — management said it's coming from real execution: revenue growth management, productivity, favorable mix, plus a modest one-time tariff refund benefit that they don't expect to repeat.

ALEX: Right, and CEO Noel Wallace was pretty upfront that this was a global story — emerging markets were the star again, up mid-single digits, led by India, Brazil, Mexico, and China.

JORDAN: India in particular jumped out to me — double-digit growth in the quarter. And Latin America was strong too: Brazil up high single digits, Mexico mid-single digits, with a nice balance between pricing and volume. They're also lapping last year's Colgate Total reformulation issue, and those shares are coming back nicely, especially in Brazil.

ALEX: But — and here's the asterisk — the U.S. business was the soft spot. Wallace didn't sugarcoat it, saying the North America team was "disappointed" with the quarter.

JORDAN: Yeah, a few things stacked up there. May saw a sharp category slowdown tied to spiking gas prices hitting consumer confidence. There was heightened competitive activity, and retailers pulled back inventory — so shipments came in below actual consumption, roughly consumption flat versus shipments down 3%.

ALEX: There was a great exchange with an analyst about that exact gap between what tracking data shows and what Colgate actually reports. Wallace admitted part of it is inventory destocking, but he was candid that they also lost a bit of share in untracked channels — so it's not purely a data mismatch, there's real competitive pressure in there too.

JORDAN: What I liked was the specificity of the fix. It's not just "we'll try harder" — they identified select price gaps versus competitors in certain retailers and categories, and they're stepping up advertising in the back half, which is a real financial commitment given ad spend is already sitting near 20-year highs as a percentage of sales.

ALEX: One analyst actually pushed on that — is 14% of sales the right ad spend level, or is that masking soft ROI given organic growth is only running 2 to 3%? Wallace's answer was basically: their data and digital measurement capabilities have improved a lot, ROI on digital and social specifically looks strong, and ultimately it's about long-term brand health, not just quarterly efficiency.

JORDAN: Let's talk pets, because Hill's continues to be a genuine bright spot. Ex-private label, organic growth of 4%, well ahead of a category that's basically flat. The therapeutic and premium science-led segments are doing the heavy lifting there.

ALEX: And there's a longer-term storyline brewing with the Prime brand and this new "Fresh" launch — single-protein, vet-recommended, science-first position

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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown. Today we're digging into AbbVie's second quarter 2026 results, and this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

JORDAN: And Alex, this was another really strong quarter for AbbVie. Let's just get right into the numbers.

ALEX: Yeah, so adjusted EPS came in at $3.65, which beat guidance by six cents. Total revenue was nearly $17 billion, up 10.2% year over year, and that beat expectations by $300 million. On the back of that, they raised full-year revenue guidance to about $67.6 billion — that's the second raise this year, $600 million total.

JORDAN: What jumps out to me is the breadth of the growth. It's not just one drug carrying the load. SKYRIZI, RINVOQ, and the entire neuroscience portfolio all grew north of 20%. SKYRIZI alone did $5.5 billion in the quarter, up 24%. RINVOQ crossed $2.5 billion, up almost 24%.

ALEX: And that's the story that matters most for AbbVie long-term — how well they've replaced the HUMIRA revenue. Speaking of which, HUMIRA sales were down 36% due to biosimilar competition, but that's expected and honestly just noise at this point given how much SKYRIZI and RINVOQ have scaled up.

JORDAN: Right, HUMIRA is basically a rounding error now compared to where the immunology franchise is headed. Immunology overall did $8.8 billion, up nearly 15%.

ALEX: Let's talk strategy, because the big headline this quarter was the announced acquisition of Apogee Therapeutics. This adds assets in dermatology, respiratory, and other inflammatory diseases — basically deepening that immunology pipeline for the 2030s and beyond.

JORDAN: It's a dilutive deal in the near term — CFO Scott Reents said it's adding about 14 cents of dilution to full-year EPS guidance, which actually more than offset the underlying business over-performance in the updated guidance. But management framed it as setting up growth well past SKYRIZI and RINVOQ's patent cliffs.

ALEX: Which, by the way, got some clarity on this call too. SKYRIZI's composition patent expires in 2033, but CEO Rob Michael pointed out regulatory data protection runs through 2031, and they don't expect biosimilar filings until the end of the decade. So that runway is longer than some investors might assume.

JORDAN: The other big strategic thread was dermatology — RINVOQ picked up European approvals in vitiligo and alopecia areata, and management now sees combined peak sales for those two indications approaching $2 billion, which is well above what they'd previously guided.

ALEX: There was a great exchange in the Q&A about that too — an analyst pushed on how crowded the vitiligo landscape is getting with other mechanisms coming in. Jeff Stewart's response was basically: these immunology markets keep proving to be way more expansive than people expect once a real systemic treatment shows up, and RINVOQ has the head start plus a decade of safety data behind it.

JORDAN: I also want to flag the SKYRIZI subcutaneous induction story in Crohn's disease — that's got an FDA decision expected this fall. Jeff said they expect a "meaningful acceleration" in SKYRIZI's growth once that's approved, partly because it lets physicians avoid juggling two different reimbursement channels. Management expects that benefit to really show up in early 2027.

ALEX: On the pipeline side, there's a lot cooking beyond immunology too. Parkinson's is shaping up as a real growth story — tavapadone has an FDA decision expected in Q3, and Vyalev is on track for blockbuster status this year. Management still sees the Parkinson's franchise collectively hitting more than $5 billion in peak sales.

JORDAN: Oncology got some att

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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown! Today we're digging into Stryker's Q2 2026 results — and this is a good one, because it's really a comeback story.

But first — this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

JORDAN: Okay, so context matters a lot here. Stryker got hit by a cybersecurity incident that knocked out manufacturing for about a month in Q1. So Q2 is really the "how fast can they recover" quarter.

ALEX: And the answer is — pretty fast. Organic sales growth of 9%, adjusted EPS of $3.69, up almost 18% year over year. For a $25 billion company that had plants offline for weeks, that's a strong number.

JORDAN: Right, CEO Kevin Lobo actually said it himself on the call — growing around 9% "given that we were knocked out for almost an entire month" is a pretty good outcome. And you saw strength pretty much everywhere: MedSurg and Neurotechnology up over 9%, Orthopedics up 8.6%. U.S. trauma and extremities grew over 12%, medical devices — Sage, Emergency Care — grew north of 13%.

ALEX: The one soft spot was peripheral vascular, down almost 7% in the U.S. There was a supply disruption at one of their Inari manufacturing plants that caused a real backorder problem. They actually had to ration product to their best customers.

JORDAN: Which is a rough thing to say out loud on an earnings call, but at least it's honest. Management expects that backorder to work itself down to manageable levels by the end of Q3, and they're still bullish long-term on that business — especially with the AVS acquisition that just closed, which adds an IVL, intravascular lithotripsy, product to the portfolio.

ALEX: Let's talk strategy for a second, because there were some real headline moments here. Mako, their robotics platform, just turned 20 years old, and they had their best-ever second quarter for Mako installations, both in the U.S. and internationally. Over 2.5 million procedures done globally now, systems in 47 countries.

JORDAN: And the bigger story is the full commercial launch of Mako RPS — that's their handheld robotics system. It's aimed at surgeons who aren't ready to commit to a full Mako cart, especially in ambulatory surgery centers doing total knees. Lobo said the haptic feedback is what's really wowing surgeons — that you can get that kind of precision in a handheld device.

ALEX: They're also rolling out Triathlon Gold, a new insert for their knee system, a new total ankle replacement called Encompass, and a trauma plating system called Pangaea that's launching in Europe. So despite the manufacturing hit, the product pipeline didn't really slow down.

JORDAN: Now, the money question everyone on the call kept circling back to — capital equipment. Stryker's sitting on an elevated order backlog because demand outpaced their ability to produce during the recovery. Beds, in particular — their ProCuity hospital bed business — has huge order volume they just haven't been able to fill yet.

ALEX: And management's plan is straightforward: add manufacturing shifts and grind through the backlog in the second half of the year. Lobo was pretty confident about this, saying these aren't new products, this is stuff they know how to make — it's purely an execution and capacity question, not a demand question.

JORDAN: That came up a lot in the Q&A, actually — analysts pushing hard on whether Stryker can really hit an implied 11% organic growth rate in the back half to reach their guidance midpoint. Lobo's response was basically, "we raised the low end of our guidance from 8% to 8.3%, that alone should tell you how confident we are."

ALEX: On guidance — they narrowed the full-year range. O

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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown, bringing you straight talk on the numbers that move markets. I'm Alex.

JORDAN: And I'm Jordan. Today we're digging into Intercontinental Exchange — ticker ICE — and their Q2 2026 results, reported Thursday, July 30th. And Alex, there's a lot here, including a headline-grabbing acquisition.

ALEX: There really is. But first, the standard note — this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

JORDAN: Good, let's get into it. So ICE posted its best second quarter in company history. Adjusted EPS came in at $1.90 — a Q2 record. Net revenues hit $2.7 billion, up 5%, and recurring revenue was a record $1.4 billion, up 8%.

ALEX: And what's notable is this is compounding on top of already-record growth in Q2 2025. CFO Warren Gardiner made a point of saying this quarter's story wasn't a volatility spike like Q1 — it was durability. Recurring, sticky revenue holding up even as episodic trading activity cooled off a bit.

JORDAN: Right, and capital returns were strong too — $945 million back to shareholders this quarter, $1.8 billion in the first half, both records. Leverage sits at 2.8x, right in their target range.

ALEX: But Jordan, let's talk about the big news — the $5.7 billion acquisition of MarketAxess.

JORDAN: Yeah, this is the headline. ICE is paying $167 per share — a 33% premium — to buy MarketAxess, one of the leading electronic trading platforms for institutional bond markets. The strategic logic here is pretty elegant: ICE already dominates the retail and wealth side of fixed income trading through ICE Bonds. MarketAxess brings over 2,100 institutional clients — asset managers, pension funds, insurers.

ALEX: So you're connecting two liquidity pools that historically never talked to each other.

JORDAN: Exactly, and CEO Jeff Sprecher framed it as building "a global fixed income network" — retail flow meets institutional flow, all on common rails, layered with ICE's pricing and data. They're expecting about $100 million in annual expense synergies by year three, and management says it'll be accretive to earnings in year one.

ALEX: Though a couple analysts pushed back a bit in the Q&A — MarketAxess has had some market share erosion and pricing pressure. Sprecher's answer was basically: we've been circling this space for a decade, and now the pieces — the data business, the treasury clearinghouse, the wealth channel — are finally in place to make the combination work.

JORDAN: It's a cash deal, funded through bonds, a term loan, and commercial paper. Leverage will temporarily peak around 3.4x, but they're targeting back to 3x within 18 to 24 months. And despite taking on this debt, they're actually increasing quarterly buybacks from $350 million to $400 million.

ALEX: Confidence signal there. Let's talk segments, because the underlying business had a strong quarter on its own, deal aside. Exchanges segment — $1.5 billion net revenue, and the rates business grew 24% year-over-year.

JORDAN: That one's a great story. The ECB raised rates in June for the first time since 2023, and when central banks start moving — and moving in different directions from each other — that's exactly when ICE's European rate contracts get used. Open interest in their rates franchise hit a record 53 million contracts, up over 50% year-over-year.

ALEX: And here's a stat that stuck with me — the total value of positions across their Euribor, SONIA, and ESTR contracts hit $62.3 trillion in mid-June. That's triple where it was three years ago, and it now exceeds the comparable U.S. dollar rates market.

JORDAN: That's wild. Meanwhile, Fixed Income and Data Services net revenue was $645 million, up 8%, with their CDS clearin

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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown! Today we're digging into Bristol Myers Squibb's second quarter 2026 results, reported Thursday morning. Before we get into it, quick disclaimer: this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

JORDAN: And BMY shares were up nearly 2.8% on the news, so investors clearly liked what they heard. Let's get into the numbers.

ALEX: Total revenue for Q2 came in around $13 billion, up 5% year-over-year. The headline story here is what they call the "growth portfolio" — that's their newer drugs — now making up almost 60% of total revenue, growing 14%. Ten different products posted double-digit growth.

JORDAN: That's the story management really wants you to hear — they're successfully transitioning away from legacy products losing patent protection, toward newer assets. And the standouts were impressive: Reblozyl up 29%, Breyanzi up 41%, Camzyos up 59%, and Qvantig — the newer version of their big cancer drug Opdivo — now annualizing over $1 billion.

ALEX: Meanwhile, on the "legacy" side, Eliquis, their blood thinner, actually grew 21% on strong demand, which helped offset declines elsewhere from generic competition, especially as Revlimid keeps facing generics.

JORDAN: Diluted EPS was $2.04 for the quarter, and gross margin held at 71.4%. And because of this strength, management raised full-year guidance for both revenue and adjusted EPS.

ALEX: They also raised their Eliquis growth expectation for the year to 20-25%, and said the overall legacy portfolio decline will be less severe than previously thought — now 4-6% instead of worse.

JORDAN: Balance sheet's solid too — $11.5 billion in cash, $3.4 billion in operating cash flow for the quarter, and they paid down $1.2 billion in debt. So they've got room to keep investing.

ALEX: Now let's talk strategy, because there's a lot happening on the pipeline side. CEO Chris Boerner talked about the company potentially launching more than 10 new medicines by the end of the decade, plus over 30 lifecycle management opportunities.

JORDAN: The near-term catalyst everyone's watching is iberdomide — that's their CELMoD, a new class of oral drug for multiple myeloma. It has an FDA decision date of August 17th, so basically two weeks after this call. If approved, it'd be the first commercialized CELMoD ever.

ALEX: And there's a second one right behind it — mezigdomide — which just got its FDA application accepted with a target decision date of May 2027. Management's pretty bullish these two drugs, along with a third one called golcadomide, could eventually replace older myeloma standards like Revlimid and Pomalyst.

JORDAN: But here's the more nuanced part of the call — two of their biggest pipeline bets just got delayed. Milvexian, a next-generation blood thinner they're developing with Johnson & Johnson... wait, actually it's with partners on the anticoagulant side, competing against their own Eliquis franchise — its atrial fibrillation trial readout got pushed from late 2026 to Q1 2027.

ALEX: And separately, Cobenfy — their schizophrenia drug that they're also testing in Alzheimer's-related psychosis — those readouts are now expected to start in early 2027 instead of this year.

JORDAN: Now, management was pretty insistent both delays are actually good news in disguise. For milvexian, it's an event-driven trial — meaning they need a certain number of stroke and bleeding events to occur before they can read the data. Fewer events happening means the drug might be working better than expected. Chief Medical Officer Cristian Massacesi even pointed out that a competitor's similar trial got stopped early for going the w

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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown, where we take the earnings call transcripts you don't have time to read and turn them into a conversation you can actually enjoy. I'm Alex.

JORDAN: And I'm Jordan. And Alex, before we dive into Amazon's Q2 numbers, which are honestly wild—

ALEX: They are, but first — a quick disclaimer. This podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

JORDAN: Good, glad that's out of the way, because we've got a lot to unpack.

ALEX: Let's start with the headline numbers. Amazon posted $200.6 billion in revenue for Q2 2026, up 20% year-over-year. Operating income came in at $27.5 billion, up 43%. But the real story, as usual these days, is AWS.

JORDAN: AWS grew 36.7% year-over-year — and that's the fifth straight quarter of acceleration. Fastest growth in 18 quarters, back when the business was less than half its current size. They added $4.6 billion in revenue quarter-over-quarter, about 80% more than their biggest jump ever.

ALEX: And the run rate — AWS is now annualizing at $169 billion. Andy Jassy pointed out that would rank 24th on the Fortune 500 as a standalone company. That's not a division anymore, that's a Fortune 25 company.

JORDAN: The backlog is the number that jumped out at me though — $496 billion, growing triple digits year-over-year. That's demand they haven't even fulfilled yet.

ALEX: Right, and that ties into the CapEx story. Amazon bumped its 2026 cash CapEx guidance from about $200 billion to $220 billion, mostly because of higher memory chip costs. Jassy spent a good chunk of the call explaining the math behind that — data centers take about two years to build but then monetize for 30-plus years, while servers break even in under three years and run five to six years. It's basically Amazon saying "trust the ROIC math," even while free cash flow takes a hit in the near term.

JORDAN: And CFO Brian Olsavsky backed that up on margins — AWS operating income was $16.6 billion, a 39% operating margin. That's up 650 basis points year-over-year, or 520 if you strip out a one-time derivative accounting gain on energy contracts. An analyst on the call, Doug Anmuth, basically asked "shouldn't AI workloads be dragging margins down?" and the answer was: not so far, thanks to efficiency gains and capacity optimization.

ALEX: Speaking of AI specifically — two numbers stood out. Amazon's chips business, that's Trainium and Graviton, now has an annual revenue run rate over $25 billion, growing triple digits. And separately, AI revenue overall also crossed $25 billion run rate. Both Anthropic and OpenAI have made multi-year, multi-gigawatt commitments to Trainium.

JORDAN: There was also a really interesting exchange about whether Amazon needs its own frontier model. Jassy's answer was basically "no, but we're building one anyway" — for cost control, prioritization, and speed, not because Bedrock needs it to survive. His view is there won't be one model to rule them all, there'll be half a dozen comparably good frontier models within a few years, and Amazon wants to be one of them while still hosting all the others in Bedrock.

ALEX: There was also news that Amazon is exploring selling Trainium chips directly to third-party data centers, separate from AWS cloud. Jassy said there's "a real chance" that happens.

JORDAN: Let's talk Stores for a second, because it's easy to get AWS tunnel vision on these calls. Worldwide paid units grew 17%, North America revenue hit $116.2 billion, up 16%. Grocery is a big theme — Amazon says it's now the second-largest grocer in the

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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown! Today we're digging into Regeneron's second quarter 2026 results, and Jordan, this was a big one.

JORDAN: A really strong quarter across the board. But first, the standard note — this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

ALEX: Right. So let's set the scene — before diving into numbers, the call opened with a tribute to longtime board member Art Ryan, who passed away this week. He'd been on Regeneron's board for over two decades, previously ran Prudential. A nice moment of the human side of these calls.

JORDAN: Definitely worth noting. Now, onto the business — total revenue was up 17% year-over-year to $4.3 billion, and non-GAAP EPS grew 11% to $14.29. That's their second straight quarter of double-digit growth on both lines.

ALEX: And the headline here is really the trio of record quarters — Dupixent, EYLEA HD, and Libtayo all hit all-time highs for quarterly sales.

JORDAN: Let's start with Dupixent since it's the big one. Global net sales hit $6 billion, up 38% on a constant currency basis. U.S. sales alone grew 42% to $4.6 billion. That's a drug now serving over 1.5 million patients across nine approved indications.

ALEX: Nine! That's dermatology, asthma, nasal polyps, COPD, eosinophilic esophagitis — it just keeps expanding. And here's something investors should watch: Regeneron fully repaid its $3.1 billion development balance owed to Sanofi. That balance had been suppressing collaboration revenue — about $930 million lower in 2025 and $530 million in the first half of this year.

JORDAN: So starting in Q3, Regeneron gets to keep its full share of collaboration profits. That's a real step-up to the bottom line going forward, not tied to any new sales growth — just an accounting unlock.

ALEX: Exactly. Now let's talk EYLEA HD — this one's on fire. U.S. net sales just under $600 million, up 52% year-over-year. And notably, this was the first quarter EYLEA HD sales actually exceeded the original EYLEA.

JORDAN: That's the conversion story playing out. EYLEA HD now makes up about 60% of the franchise, up from 34% a year ago. Meanwhile legacy EYLEA sales fell 45% as patients and doctors shift over — plus there's now biosimilar competition entering that older product's market.

ALEX: They're also awaiting FDA approval on an EYLEA HD prefilled syringe, which could drive even more adoption. Management sounded confident that could land by year-end.

JORDAN: And rounding out the trio, Libtayo — their oncology drug — hit $489 million globally, up 29%. It's gaining real traction in non-small cell lung cancer, now capturing 20% of new prescriptions, double what it was just last year.

ALEX: Let's talk pipeline for a second, because Regeneron's whole philosophy here is "don't bet on one horse." They've got roughly 50 active clinical programs.

JORDAN: A few near-term catalysts stood out to me. There's cemdisiran, their siRNA therapy for myasthenia gravis, with an FDA decision expected in November — that could be the first siRNA approved for that disease. There's also garetosmab for a rare bone disease called FOP, with an FDA decision expected as soon as August.

ALEX: And on the bigger picture front, they're moving into Phase III trials later this year for both their obesity program — a GLP-GIP combo called olatorepatide — and their anticoagulation program targeting Factor XI, which is a different approach than the traditional blood thinners on the market.

JORDAN: One thing that came up repeatedly in Q&A was the Sanofi relationship. CEO Leonard Schleifer confirmed they're in "productive early discussions" with Sanofi about expanding the collaboratio

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ALEX: Welcome to Beta Finch, your AI-powered earnings breakdown! Today we're digging into Apple's fiscal Q3 2026 results, and Jordan, there is a LOT here — record numbers, a CEO transition, and a whole conversation about memory chip prices that got surprisingly dramatic.

JORDAN: Before we get into any of it, quick note for everyone listening — this podcast is AI-generated content for educational and entertainment purposes only. Nothing we discuss should be considered investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

ALEX: Right, so let's start with the headline number: $109.4 billion in revenue, up 16% year-over-year, a June quarter record. iPhone alone did $54.3 billion, up 22%. Mac had its best June quarter ever at $10.4 billion, up 29%. Services hit $30.7 billion, also a record.

JORDAN: Those Mac numbers jumped out at me the most. 29% growth is huge for a product line that's usually pretty steady. That's the MacBook Neo and MacBook Pro doing real work — and they set records for both new customers and upgraders, including in the U.S., China, and India.

ALEX: And this all happened despite supply constraints, which becomes a big theme later in the call. Profitability-wise, gross margin was 50.1%, EPS was $2.02, up 29%. But here's the asterisk — a chunk of that came from tariff refunds, worth about two percentage points on gross margin and 11 cents on EPS.

JORDAN: Right, so strip that out and it's still a solid quarter, just not quite as flashy as the headline. Operating cash flow was $34.4 billion, also a record even without the tariff benefit. So the underlying business is genuinely strong.

ALEX: Now let's talk about the elephant in the room — memory prices. Tim Cook called this a "100-year flood" on memory pricing.

JORDAN: That phrase is going to get quoted a lot. Basically, DRAM costs have been spiking quarter after quarter — more expensive in March than December, more in June than March, and they're expecting even higher costs in September. Apple's offsetting some of it with leftover inventory and cheaper non-memory components, but that cushion is fading.

ALEX: And this is part of why Apple actually raised prices on iPad and Mac — which Cook admitted was reluctant. He was pretty candid that they look at units, revenue, and margin together rather than defending one metric in isolation.

JORDAN: The other supply story is the September guide. Apple's guiding 9-11% revenue growth for the quarter, which is a real deceleration from the mid-teens they'd been running. Analysts pushed hard on this, and Cook was clear it's not a partner or vendor issue — it's that iPhone and Mac demand outran their forecasts, and there's just less flexibility in the advanced-node chip supply chain than usual.

ALEX: Which is kind of a good problem to have, but still a real one for the next couple quarters. FX is also a headwind — about two and a half points sequentially — so between currency and supply, that explains most of the slowdown.

JORDAN: Services is worth flagging too. 12% growth was a touch below expectations, mostly FX plus some softness in mobile gaming on the App Store. But cloud services and payment services hit all-time records, and Apple now has over one and a half billion paid subscriptions. So the growth engine's still running, just facing more currency drag than the hardware side.

ALEX: Now, the big non-financial story — this was Tim Cook's final earnings call. He's handing the CEO role to John Ternus, who was on the call and fielded a question about competitive threats.

JORDAN: Ternus kept it pretty measured — didn't take the bait on OpenAI or SpaceX device rumors, just said Apple's focused on its own roadmap. Cook, on the other hand, got a little sentimental, thanking shareholders and analysts

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